diff --git a/src/oas.md b/src/oas.md
index 86aebf95c4..77d951cf4c 100644
--- a/src/oas.md
+++ b/src/oas.md
@@ -769,14 +769,14 @@ See [Appendix E](#appendix-e-percent-encoding-and-form-media-types) for a detail
 There are five possible parameter locations specified by the `in` field:
 
 * path - Used together with [Path Templating](#path-templating), where the parameter value is actually part of the operation's URL. This does not include the host or base path of the API. For example, in `/items/{itemId}`, the path parameter is `itemId`.
-* query - Parameters that are appended to the URL. For example, in `/items?id=###`, the query parameter is `id`; MUST NOT appear in the same operation (or in the operation's path-item) as an `in: "querystring"` parameter.
+* query - Parameters that are appended to the URL with the `?` character (or for subsequent query parameters, with the `&` character); MUST NOT appear in the same operation (or in the operation's path-item) as an `in: "querystring"` parameter.
 * querystring - A parameter that treats the entire URL query string as a value which MUST be specified using the `content` field, most often with media type `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` using [Encoding Objects](#encoding-object) in the same way as with request bodies of that media type; MUST NOT appear more than once, and MUST NOT appear in the same operation (or in the operation's path-item) as any `in: "query"` parameters.
 * header - Custom headers that are expected as part of the request. Note that [RFC9110](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9110.html#section-5.1) states header names are case-insensitive.
 * cookie - Used to pass a specific cookie value to the API.
 
 #### Fixed Fields
 
-The rules for serialization of the parameter are specified in one of two ways.
+The rules for serialization and deserialization of the parameter are specified in one of two ways.
 Parameter Objects MUST include either a `content` field or a `schema` field, but not both.
 See [Appendix B](#appendix-b-data-type-conversion) for a discussion of converting values of various types to string representations.
 
@@ -819,8 +819,8 @@ In these cases, implementations MUST pass values through unchanged rather than a
 | ---- | :----: | ---- |
 | <a name="parameter-style"></a>style | `string` | Describes how the parameter value will be serialized depending on the type of the parameter value. Default values (based on value of `in`): for `"query"` - `"form"`; for `"path"` - `"simple"`; for `"header"` - `"simple"`; for `"cookie"` - `"form"` (for compatibility reasons; note that `style: "cookie"` SHOULD be used with `in: "cookie"`; see [Appendix D](#appendix-d-serializing-headers-and-cookies) for details). |
 | <a name="parameter-explode"></a>explode | `boolean` | When this is true, parameter values of type `array` or `object` generate separate parameters for each value of the array or key-value pair of the map. For other types of parameters, or when [`style`](#parameter-style) is `"deepObject"`, this field has no effect. When `style` is `"form"` or `"cookie"`, the default value is `true`. For all other styles, the default value is `false`. |
-| <a name="parameter-allow-reserved"></a>allowReserved | `boolean` | When this is true, parameter values are serialized using reserved expansion, as defined by [RFC6570](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6570#section-3.2.3), which allows [RFC3986's reserved character set](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-2.2), as well as percent-encoded triples, to pass through unchanged, while still percent-encoding all other disallowed characters (including `%` outside of percent-encoded triples). Applications are still responsible for percent-encoding reserved characters that are not allowed by the rules of the `in` destination or media type, or are [not allowed in the path by this specification](#path-templating); see [URL Percent-Encoding](#url-percent-encoding) for details. The default value is `false`. This field only applies to `in` and `style` values that automatically percent-encode. |
-| <a name="parameter-schema"></a>schema | [Schema Object](#schema-object) | The schema defining the type used for the parameter. |
+| <a name="parameter-allow-reserved"></a>allowReserved | `boolean` | When this is true, parameter values are serialized using reserved expansion, as defined by [RFC6570](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6570#section-3.2.3), which allows [RFC3986's reserved character set](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-2.2), as well as percent-encoded triples, to pass through unchanged, while still percent-encoding all other disallowed characters (including `%` outside of percent-encoded triples). Applications are still responsible for percent-encoding reserved characters that are not allowed by the rules of the `in` destination or media type, or are [not allowed in the path by this specification](#path-templating); see [URL Percent-Encoding](#url-percent-encoding) for details. The default value is `false`. This field only applies to `in` and `style` values that automatically percent-encode (that is: `in: path`, `in: query`, and `in: cookie` with `style: form`). |
+| <a name="parameter-schema"></a>schema | [Schema Object](#schema-object) | The schema defining the type and other constraints used for the parameter. |
 
 See also [Appendix C: Using RFC6570-Based Serialization](#appendix-c-using-rfc6570-based-serialization) for additional guidance.
 
@@ -923,15 +923,15 @@ The following table shows serialized examples, as would be shown with the `seria
 | label | true | _empty_ | .blue | .blue.black.brown | .R=100.G=200.B=150 |
 | simple | false | _empty_ | blue | blue,black,brown | R,100,G,200,B,150 |
 | simple | true | _empty_ | blue | blue,black,brown | R=100,G=200,B=150 |
-| form | false | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=blue</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=blue,black,brown</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=R,100,G,200,B,150</span> |
-| form | true | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=blue</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=blue&color=black&color=brown</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">R=100&G=200&B=150</span> |
-| spaceDelimited | false | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=blue%20black%20brown</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=R%20100%20G%20200%20B%20150</span> |
+| form | false | color= | color=blue | color=blue,black,brown | color=R,100,G,200,B,150 |
+| form | true | color= | color=blue | color=blue&color=black&color=brown | R=100&G=200&B=150 |
+| spaceDelimited | false | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | color=blue%20black%20brown | color=R%20100%20G%20200%20B%20150 |
 | spaceDelimited | true | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | _n/a_ |
-| pipeDelimited | false | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=blue%7Cblack%7Cbrown</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=R%7C100%7CG%7C200%7CB%7C150</span> |
+| pipeDelimited | false | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | color=blue%7Cblack%7Cbrown | color=R%7C100%7CG%7C200%7CB%7C150 |
 | pipeDelimited | true | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | _n/a_ |
-| deepObject | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color%5BR%5D=100&color%5BG%5D=200&color%5BB%5D=150</span> |
-| cookie | false | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=blue</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=blue,black,brown</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=R,100,G,200,B,150</span> |
-| cookie | true | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=blue</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=blue; color=black; color=brown</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">R=100; G=200; B=150</span> |
+| deepObject | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | color%5BR%5D=100&color%5BG%5D=200&color%5BB%5D=150 |
+| cookie | false | color= | color=blue | color=blue,black,brown | color=R,100,G,200,B,150 |
+| cookie | true | color= | color=blue | color=blue; color=black; color=brown | R=100; G=200; B=150 |
 
 #### Extending Support for Querystring Formats
 
@@ -1091,15 +1091,17 @@ content:
         long:
           type: number
     examples:
-      dataValue:
-        lat: 10
-        long: 60
-      serializedValue: '{"lat":10,"long":60}'
+      'New York':
+        dataValue:
+          lat: 40.6
+          long: -73.9
+        serializedValue: '{"lat":40.6,"long":-73.9}'
 examples:
-  dataValue:
-    lat: 10
-    long: 60
-  serializedValue: coordinates=%7B%22lat%22%3A10%2C%22long%22%3A60%7D
+  'New York':
+    dataValue:
+      lat: 40.6
+      long: -73.9
+    serializedValue: coordinates=%7B%22lat%22%3A40.6%2C%22long%22%3A-73.9%7D
 ```
 
 A querystring parameter using regular form encoding, but managed with a Media Type Object.
@@ -1108,6 +1110,7 @@ Examples are shown at both the media type and parameter level to emphasize that,
 
 ```yaml
 in: querystring
+name: metadata
 content:
   application/x-www-form-urlencoded:
     schema:
@@ -4908,7 +4911,7 @@ parameters:
     type: string
 ```
 
-This example is equivalent to RFC6570's `{?foo*,bar}`, and **NOT** `{?foo*}{&bar}`. The latter is problematic because if `foo` is not defined, the result will be an invalid URI.
+This example is equivalent to RFC6570's `{?foo*,bar}`, and **NOT** `{?foo*}{&bar}`. The latter is problematic because if `foo` is not defined (see [RFC6570 §3.2](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6570#section-3.2) ) for details on what is considered undefined), the result will be an invalid URI.
 The `&` prefix operator has no equivalent in the Parameter Object.
 
 Note that RFC6570 does not specify behavior for compound values beyond the single level addressed by `explode`. The result of using objects or arrays where no behavior is clearly specified for them is implementation-defined.
diff --git a/src/schemas/validation/schema.yaml b/src/schemas/validation/schema.yaml
index bdc429c078..7d0ed898ff 100644
--- a/src/schemas/validation/schema.yaml
+++ b/src/schemas/validation/schema.yaml
@@ -421,15 +421,11 @@ $defs:
             type: string
           explode:
             type: boolean
-          allowReserved:
-            default: false
-            type: boolean
         allOf:
           - $ref: '#/$defs/parameter/dependentSchemas/schema/$defs/styles-for-path'
           - $ref: '#/$defs/parameter/dependentSchemas/schema/$defs/styles-for-header'
           - $ref: '#/$defs/parameter/dependentSchemas/schema/$defs/styles-for-query'
           - $ref: '#/$defs/parameter/dependentSchemas/schema/$defs/styles-for-cookie'
-          - $ref: '#/$defs/styles-for-form'
 
         $defs:
           styles-for-path:
@@ -439,6 +435,8 @@ $defs:
                   const: path
             then:
               properties:
+                name:
+                  pattern: '^[^{}]+$'
                 style:
                   default: simple
                   enum:
@@ -447,6 +445,11 @@ $defs:
                     - simple
                 required:
                   const: true
+                explode:
+                  default: false
+                allowReserved:
+                  type: boolean
+                  default: false
               required:
                 - required
 
@@ -460,6 +463,8 @@ $defs:
                 style:
                   default: simple
                   const: simple
+                explode:
+                  default: false
 
           styles-for-query:
             if:
@@ -475,6 +480,10 @@ $defs:
                     - spaceDelimited
                     - pipeDelimited
                     - deepObject
+                allowReserved:
+                  type: boolean
+                  default: false
+              $ref: '#/$defs/explode-for-form'
 
           styles-for-cookie:
             if:
@@ -488,6 +497,17 @@ $defs:
                   enum:
                     - form
                     - cookie
+                explode:
+                  default: true
+              if:
+                properties:
+                  style:
+                    const: form
+              then:
+                properties:
+                  allowReserved:
+                    type: boolean
+                    default: false
 
     unevaluatedProperties: false
 
@@ -615,6 +635,7 @@ $defs:
         properties:
           allowReserved:
             default: false
+        $ref: '#/$defs/explode-for-form'
       explode:
         properties:
           style:
@@ -625,9 +646,8 @@ $defs:
         properties:
           style:
             default: form
-    allOf:
-      - $ref: '#/$defs/specification-extensions'
-      - $ref: '#/$defs/styles-for-form'
+        $ref: '#/$defs/explode-for-form'
+    $ref: '#/$defs/specification-extensions'
     unevaluatedProperties: false
 
   responses:
@@ -808,9 +828,6 @@ $defs:
           explode:
             default: false
             type: boolean
-          allowReserved:
-            default: false
-            type: boolean
     allOf:
     - $ref: '#/$defs/examples'
     - $ref: '#/$defs/specification-extensions'
@@ -1118,13 +1135,12 @@ $defs:
     additionalProperties:
       type: string
 
-  styles-for-form:
+  explode-for-form:
+    $comment: for encoding objects, and query and cookie parameters, style=form is the default
     if:
       properties:
         style:
           const: form
-      required:
-        - style
     then:
       properties:
         explode:
diff --git a/tests/schema/fail/header-object-allowReserved.yaml b/tests/schema/fail/header-object-allowReserved.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8ee2ff7850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/schema/fail/header-object-allowReserved.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+openapi: 3.3.0
+info:
+  title: allowReserved only permitted with in and style values that percent-encode
+  version: 1.0.0
+components:
+  headers:
+    Style:
+      schema:
+        type: array
+      style: simple
+      explode: true
+      allowReserved: true
diff --git a/tests/schema/fail/parameter-object-cookie-allowReserved.yaml b/tests/schema/fail/parameter-object-cookie-allowReserved.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b724613a1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/schema/fail/parameter-object-cookie-allowReserved.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+openapi: 3.3.0
+info:
+  title: allowReserved only permitted with in and style values that percent-encode
+  version: 1.0.0
+components:
+  parameters:
+    my_cookie:
+      name: my_cookie
+      in: cookie
+      style: cookie
+      allowReserved: true
+      schema: {}
diff --git a/tests/schema/fail/parameter-object-header-allowReserved.yaml b/tests/schema/fail/parameter-object-header-allowReserved.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9c7d292d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/schema/fail/parameter-object-header-allowReserved.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+openapi: 3.3.0
+info:
+  title: allowReserved only permitted with in and style values that percent-encode
+  version: 1.0.0
+components:
+  parameters:
+    header:
+      name: my-header
+      in: header
+      allowReserved: false
+      schema: {}
diff --git a/tests/schema/pass/header-object-examples.yaml b/tests/schema/pass/header-object-examples.yaml
index 22c3941d9a..7c86d16789 100644
--- a/tests/schema/pass/header-object-examples.yaml
+++ b/tests/schema/pass/header-object-examples.yaml
@@ -17,10 +17,9 @@ components:
             type: string
             pattern: ^"
     Reference:
-      $ref: '#/components/schemas/ETag'
+      $ref: '#/components/headers/ETag'
     Style:
       schema:
         type: array
       style: simple
       explode: true
-      allowReserved: true
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/schema/pass/parameter-object-cookie-form-allowReserved.yaml b/tests/schema/pass/parameter-object-cookie-form-allowReserved.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..887de70a32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/schema/pass/parameter-object-cookie-form-allowReserved.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+openapi: 3.3.0
+info:
+  title: allowReserved only permitted with in and style values that percent-encode
+  version: 1.0.0
+components:
+  parameters:
+    style_form:
+      name: my_form_cookie
+      in: cookie
+      # default style is form, therefore allowReserved is allowed
+      allowReserved: true
+      schema: {}
+    style_cookie:
+      name: my_cookie_cookie
+      in: cookie
+      style: cookie
+      # no percent decoding for style=cookie, therefore allowReserved is not allowed
+      schema: {}
diff --git a/tests/schema/pass/parameter-object-examples.yaml b/tests/schema/pass/parameter-object-examples.yaml
index feaf6d449f..051d91865c 100644
--- a/tests/schema/pass/parameter-object-examples.yaml
+++ b/tests/schema/pass/parameter-object-examples.yaml
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ paths:
         in: header
         description: token to be passed as a header
         required: true
+        explode: false
         schema:
           type: array
           items:
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ paths:
         in: path
         description: username to fetch
         required: true
+        explode: false
         schema:
           type: string
       - name: id
@@ -55,10 +57,12 @@ paths:
       - in: cookie
         name: my_cookie1
         style: form
+        explode: true
         schema: {}
       - in: cookie
         name: my_cookie2
         style: cookie
+        explode: false
         schema: {}
   /user:
     parameters:
diff --git a/tests/schema/pass/parameter-object-path-allowReserved.yaml b/tests/schema/pass/parameter-object-path-allowReserved.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c45ca2d0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/schema/pass/parameter-object-path-allowReserved.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+openapi: 3.3.0
+info:
+  title: api
+  version: 1.0.0
+components:
+  parameters:
+    path:
+      name: my-path
+      in: path
+      required: true
+      allowReserved: false
+      schema: {}
diff --git a/tests/schema/pass/parameter-object-query-allowReserved.yaml b/tests/schema/pass/parameter-object-query-allowReserved.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e6c471357e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/schema/pass/parameter-object-query-allowReserved.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+openapi: 3.3.0
+info:
+  title: allowReserved only permitted with in and style values that percent-encode
+  version: 1.0.0
+components:
+  parameters:
+    my_query:
+      name: my_query
+      in: query
+      allowReserved: true
+      schema: {}
diff --git a/tests/schema/pass/style-defaults.yaml b/tests/schema/pass/style-defaults.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..df874bf7b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/schema/pass/style-defaults.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+openapi: 3.3.0
+info:
+  title: various permutations of parameter objects, with non-required values left to their defaults
+  version: 1.0.0
+components:
+  mediaTypes:
+    encoding_object_defaults:   # media type name
+      encoding:
+        no_styles:              # property name
+          x-comment: "style, explode and allowReserved are not present, so contentType is used; no defaults expected as default contentType cannot be determined by the schema"
+        style_form:
+          x-comment: "expecting defaults: explode=true, allowReserved=false"
+          style: form
+        style_spaceDelimited:
+          x-comment: "expecting defaults: explode=false, allowReserved=false"
+          style: spaceDelimited
+        explode:
+          x-comment: "expecting defaults: style=form, allowReserved=false"
+          explode: false
+        allowReserved:
+          x-comment: "expecting default: style=form, explode=true"
+          allowReserved: true
+  parameters:
+    path_media_type:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: deprecated=false"
+      name: path_media-type
+      in: path
+      required: true
+      content:
+        text/*:
+          schema: {}
+    path_simple:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: deprecated=false, style=simple, explode=false, allowReserved=false"
+      name: path_simple
+      in: path
+      required: true
+      schema: {}
+    path_matrix:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: deprecated=false, explode=false, allowReserved=false"
+      name: path_matrix
+      in: path
+      required: true
+      style: matrix
+      schema: {}
+    path_label:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: deprecated=false, explode=false, allowReserved=false"
+      name: path_label
+      in: path
+      required: true
+      style: label
+      schema: {}
+    query_media_type:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: required=false, deprecated=false, allowEmptyValue=false"
+      name: query_media_type
+      in: query
+      content:
+        text/*:
+          schema: {}
+    query_form:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: required=false, deprecated=false, allowEmptyValue=false, style=form, explode=true, allowReserved=false"
+      name: query_form
+      in: query
+      schema: {}
+    query_spaceDelimited:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: required=false, deprecated=false, allowEmptyValue=false, explode=false, allowReserved=false"
+      name: query_spaceDelimited
+      in: query
+      style: spaceDelimited
+      schema: {}
+    query_pipeDelimited:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: required=false, deprecated=false, allowEmptyValue=false, explode=false, allowReserved=false"
+      name: query_pipeDelimited
+      in: query
+      style: pipeDelimited
+      schema: {}
+    query_deepObject:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: required=false, deprecated=false, allowEmptyValue=false, allowReserved=false"
+      name: query_deepObject
+      in: query
+      style: deepObject
+      schema: {}
+    header:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: deprecated=false, style=simple, explode=false, allowReserved=false"
+      name: header
+      in: path
+      required: true
+      schema: {}
+    cookie_media_type:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: required=false, deprecated=false"
+      name: cookie_media_type
+      in: cookie
+      content:
+        text/*:
+          schema: {}
+    cookie_form:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: required=false, deprecated=false, style=form, explode=true, allowReserved=false"
+      name: cookie_form
+      in: cookie
+      schema: {}
+    cookie_cookie:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: required=false, deprecated=false, explode=true"
+      name: cookie_cookie
+      in: cookie
+      style: cookie
+      schema: {}