From e493ad003209c8aab0d78521d61b8d846677699c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: francesco <francesco.bagnoli.69@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Dec 2025 17:14:38 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 1/9] chore: use ES6 classes

This improves readability and may allow V8 to optimize better.
---
 packages/pg-native/lib/copy-stream.js | 181 +++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 91 insertions(+), 90 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/pg-native/lib/copy-stream.js b/packages/pg-native/lib/copy-stream.js
index 94ae4f7e5..6a98bf54e 100644
--- a/packages/pg-native/lib/copy-stream.js
+++ b/packages/pg-native/lib/copy-stream.js
@@ -2,114 +2,115 @@ const Duplex = require('stream').Duplex
 const Writable = require('stream').Writable
 const util = require('util')
 
-const CopyStream = (module.exports = function (pq, options) {
-  Duplex.call(this, options)
-  this.pq = pq
-  this._reading = false
-})
 
-util.inherits(CopyStream, Duplex)
-
-// writer methods
-CopyStream.prototype._write = function (chunk, encoding, cb) {
-  const result = this.pq.putCopyData(chunk)
-
-  // sent successfully
-  if (result === 1) return cb()
+class CopyStream extends Duplex {
+  constructor(pq, options) {
+    super(options);
+    this.pq = pq;
+    this._reading = false;
+  }
 
-  // error
-  if (result === -1) return cb(new Error(this.pq.errorMessage()))
 
-  // command would block. wait for writable and call again.
-  const self = this
-  this.pq.writable(function () {
-    self._write(chunk, encoding, cb)
-  })
-}
+  // writer methods
+  _write(chunk, encoding, cb) {
+    const result = this.pq.putCopyData(chunk)
 
-CopyStream.prototype.end = function () {
-  const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0)
-  const self = this
+    // sent successfully
+    if (result === 1) return cb()
 
-  const callback = args.pop()
+    // error
+    if (result === -1) return cb(new Error(this.pq.errorMessage()))
 
-  if (args.length) {
-    this.write(args[0])
-  }
-  const result = this.pq.putCopyEnd()
-
-  // sent successfully
-  if (result === 1) {
-    // consume our results and then call 'end' on the
-    // "parent" writable class so we can emit 'finish' and
-    // all that jazz
-    return consumeResults(this.pq, function (err, res) {
-      Writable.prototype.end.call(self)
-
-      // handle possible passing of callback to end method
-      if (callback) {
-        callback(err)
-      }
+    // command would block. wait for writable and call again.
+    const self = this
+    this.pq.writable(function () {
+      self._write(chunk, encoding, cb)
     })
   }
 
-  // error
-  if (result === -1) {
-    const err = new Error(this.pq.errorMessage())
-    return this.emit('error', err)
-  }
+  end() {
+    const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0)
+    const self = this
 
-  // command would block. wait for writable and call end again
-  // don't pass any buffers to end on the second call because
-  // we already sent them to possible this.write the first time
-  // we called end
-  return this.pq.writable(function () {
-    return self.end.apply(self, callback)
-  })
-}
+    const callback = args.pop()
+
+    if (args.length) {
+      this.write(args[0])
+    }
+    const result = this.pq.putCopyEnd()
+
+    // sent successfully
+    if (result === 1) {
+      // consume our results and then call 'end' on the
+      // "parent" writable class so we can emit 'finish' and
+      // all that jazz
+      return consumeResults(this.pq, function (err, res) {
+        Writable.prototype.end.call(self)
+
+        // handle possible passing of callback to end method
+        if (callback) {
+          callback(err)
+        }
+      })
+    }
+
+    // error
+    if (result === -1) {
+      const err = new Error(this.pq.errorMessage())
+      return this.emit('error', err)
+    }
 
-// reader methods
-CopyStream.prototype._consumeBuffer = function (cb) {
-  const result = this.pq.getCopyData(true)
-  if (result instanceof Buffer) {
-    return setImmediate(function () {
-      cb(null, result)
+    // command would block. wait for writable and call end again
+    // don't pass any buffers to end on the second call because
+    // we already sent them to possible this.write the first time
+    // we called end
+    return this.pq.writable(function () {
+      return self.end.apply(self, callback)
     })
   }
-  if (result === -1) {
-    // end of stream
-    return cb(null, null)
+
+  // reader methods
+  _consumeBuffer(cb) {
+    const result = this.pq.getCopyData(true)
+    if (result instanceof Buffer) {
+      return setImmediate(function () {
+        cb(null, result)
+      })
+    }
+    if (result === -1) {
+      // end of stream
+      return cb(null, null)
+    }
+    if (result === 0) {
+      const self = this
+      this.pq.once('readable', function () {
+        self.pq.stopReader()
+        self.pq.consumeInput()
+        self._consumeBuffer(cb)
+      })
+      return this.pq.startReader()
+    }
+    cb(new Error('Unrecognized read status: ' + result))
   }
-  if (result === 0) {
+
+  _read(size) {
+    if (this._reading) return
+    this._reading = true
+    // console.log('read begin');
     const self = this
-    this.pq.once('readable', function () {
-      self.pq.stopReader()
-      self.pq.consumeInput()
-      self._consumeBuffer(cb)
+    this._consumeBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+      self._reading = false
+      if (err) {
+        return self.emit('error', err)
+      }
+      if (buffer === false) {
+        // nothing to read for now, return
+        return
+      }
+      self.push(buffer)
     })
-    return this.pq.startReader()
   }
-  cb(new Error('Unrecognized read status: ' + result))
 }
-
-CopyStream.prototype._read = function (size) {
-  if (this._reading) return
-  this._reading = true
-  // console.log('read begin');
-  const self = this
-  this._consumeBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
-    self._reading = false
-    if (err) {
-      return self.emit('error', err)
-    }
-    if (buffer === false) {
-      // nothing to read for now, return
-      return
-    }
-    self.push(buffer)
-  })
-}
-
 const consumeResults = function (pq, cb) {
   const cleanup = function () {
     pq.removeListener('readable', onReadable)

From 32371ebf8ec7d28d1899f4a007e054f322677903 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: francesco <francesco.bagnoli.69@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Dec 2025 17:16:28 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 2/9] chore: remove util

---
 packages/pg-native/lib/copy-stream.js | 5 +----
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/pg-native/lib/copy-stream.js b/packages/pg-native/lib/copy-stream.js
index 6a98bf54e..c81fafb53 100644
--- a/packages/pg-native/lib/copy-stream.js
+++ b/packages/pg-native/lib/copy-stream.js
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-const Duplex = require('stream').Duplex
-const Writable = require('stream').Writable
-const util = require('util')
-
+const { Duplex, Writable } = require('stream')
 
 class CopyStream extends Duplex {
   constructor(pq, options) {

From 2a4d108e549b99a07a9d1a2ad65ce53558dcff68 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: francesco <francesco.bagnoli.69@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Dec 2025 17:17:25 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 3/9] fix: export

---
 packages/pg-native/lib/copy-stream.js | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/pg-native/lib/copy-stream.js b/packages/pg-native/lib/copy-stream.js
index c81fafb53..29f248132 100644
--- a/packages/pg-native/lib/copy-stream.js
+++ b/packages/pg-native/lib/copy-stream.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 const { Duplex, Writable } = require('stream')
 
-class CopyStream extends Duplex {
+module.exports = class CopyStream extends Duplex {
   constructor(pq, options) {
     super(options);
     this.pq = pq;

From 4b366e30ff17b4c8b99696554155ef0fa9e4c0ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: francesco <francesco.bagnoli.69@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Dec 2025 17:20:24 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 4/9] fix: lint

---
 packages/pg-native/lib/copy-stream.js | 7 +++----
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/pg-native/lib/copy-stream.js b/packages/pg-native/lib/copy-stream.js
index 29f248132..0a4afc68c 100644
--- a/packages/pg-native/lib/copy-stream.js
+++ b/packages/pg-native/lib/copy-stream.js
@@ -2,12 +2,11 @@ const { Duplex, Writable } = require('stream')
 
 module.exports = class CopyStream extends Duplex {
   constructor(pq, options) {
-    super(options);
-    this.pq = pq;
-    this._reading = false;
+    super(options)
+    this.pq = pq
+    this._reading = false
   }
 
-
   // writer methods
   _write(chunk, encoding, cb) {
     const result = this.pq.putCopyData(chunk)

From 8b746b6b57fff3be901a1b7741ba2c13317d87f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: francesco <francesco.bagnoli.69@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Dec 2025 17:38:38 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 5/9] chore: refactor Client to use ES6 class

---
 packages/pg-native/index.js | 518 ++++++++++++++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 258 insertions(+), 260 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/pg-native/index.js b/packages/pg-native/index.js
index 8c83406bb..d6378ead8 100644
--- a/packages/pg-native/index.js
+++ b/packages/pg-native/index.js
@@ -6,326 +6,324 @@ const types = require('pg-types')
 const buildResult = require('./lib/build-result')
 const CopyStream = require('./lib/copy-stream')
 
-const Client = (module.exports = function (config) {
-  if (!(this instanceof Client)) {
-    return new Client(config)
-  }
-
-  config = config || {}
-
-  EventEmitter.call(this)
-  this.pq = new Libpq()
-  this._reading = false
-  this._read = this._read.bind(this)
-
-  // allow custom type conversion to be passed in
-  this._types = config.types || types
+module.exports = class Client extends EventEmitter {
+  constructor (config) {
+    if (!(this instanceof Client)) {
+      return new Client(config)
+    }
 
-  // allow config to specify returning results
-  // as an array of values instead of a hash
-  this.arrayMode = config.arrayMode || false
-  this._resultCount = 0
-  this._rows = undefined
-  this._results = undefined
+    config = config || {}
 
-  // lazy start the reader if notifications are listened for
-  // this way if you only run sync queries you wont block
-  // the event loop artificially
-  this.on('newListener', (event) => {
-    if (event !== 'notification') return
-    this._startReading()
-  })
+    this.pq = new Libpq()
+    this._reading = false
+    this._read = this._read.bind(this)
 
-  this.on('result', this._onResult.bind(this))
-  this.on('readyForQuery', this._onReadyForQuery.bind(this))
-})
+    // allow custom type conversion to be passed in
+    this._types = config.types || types
 
-util.inherits(Client, EventEmitter)
+    // allow config to specify returning results
+    // as an array of values instead of a hash
+    this.arrayMode = config.arrayMode || false
+    this._resultCount = 0
+    this._rows = undefined
+    this._results = undefined
 
-Client.prototype.connect = function (params, cb) {
-  this.pq.connect(params, cb)
-}
+    // lazy start the reader if notifications are listened for
+    // this way if you only run sync queries you wont block
+    // the event loop artificially
+    this.on('newListener', (event) => {
+      if (event !== 'notification') return
+      this._startReading()
+    })
 
-Client.prototype.connectSync = function (params) {
-  this.pq.connectSync(params)
-}
+    this.on('result', this._onResult.bind(this))
+    this.on('readyForQuery', this._onReadyForQuery.bind(this))
+  }
 
-Client.prototype.query = function (text, values, cb) {
-  let queryFn
+  connect(params, cb) {
+    this.pq.connect(params, cb)
+  }
 
-  if (typeof values === 'function') {
-    cb = values
+  connectSync(params) {
+    this.pq.connectSync(params)
   }
 
-  if (Array.isArray(values)) {
-    queryFn = () => {
-      return this.pq.sendQueryParams(text, values)
+  query(text, values, cb) {
+    let queryFn
+
+    if (typeof values === 'function') {
+      cb = values
     }
-  } else {
-    queryFn = () => {
-      return this.pq.sendQuery(text)
+
+    if (Array.isArray(values)) {
+      queryFn = () => {
+        return this.pq.sendQueryParams(text, values)
+      }
+    } else {
+      queryFn = () => {
+        return this.pq.sendQuery(text)
+      }
     }
+
+    this._dispatchQuery(this.pq, queryFn, (err) => {
+      if (err) return cb(err)
+      this._awaitResult(cb)
+    })
   }
 
-  this._dispatchQuery(this.pq, queryFn, (err) => {
-    if (err) return cb(err)
-    this._awaitResult(cb)
-  })
-}
+  prepare(statementName, text, nParams, cb) {
+    const self = this
+    const fn = function () {
+      return self.pq.sendPrepare(statementName, text, nParams)
+    }
 
-Client.prototype.prepare = function (statementName, text, nParams, cb) {
-  const self = this
-  const fn = function () {
-    return self.pq.sendPrepare(statementName, text, nParams)
+    self._dispatchQuery(self.pq, fn, function (err) {
+      if (err) return cb(err)
+      self._awaitResult(cb)
+    })
   }
 
-  self._dispatchQuery(self.pq, fn, function (err) {
-    if (err) return cb(err)
-    self._awaitResult(cb)
-  })
-}
+  execute(statementName, parameters, cb) {
+    const self = this
 
-Client.prototype.execute = function (statementName, parameters, cb) {
-  const self = this
+    const fn = function () {
+      return self.pq.sendQueryPrepared(statementName, parameters)
+    }
 
-  const fn = function () {
-    return self.pq.sendQueryPrepared(statementName, parameters)
+    self._dispatchQuery(self.pq, fn, function (err, rows) {
+      if (err) return cb(err)
+      self._awaitResult(cb)
+    })
   }
 
-  self._dispatchQuery(self.pq, fn, function (err, rows) {
-    if (err) return cb(err)
-    self._awaitResult(cb)
-  })
-}
-
-Client.prototype.getCopyStream = function () {
-  this.pq.setNonBlocking(true)
-  this._stopReading()
-  return new CopyStream(this.pq)
-}
-
-// cancel a currently executing query
-Client.prototype.cancel = function (cb) {
-  assert(cb, 'Callback is required')
-  // result is either true or a string containing an error
-  const result = this.pq.cancel()
-  return setImmediate(function () {
-    cb(result === true ? undefined : new Error(result))
-  })
-}
+  getCopyStream() {
+    this.pq.setNonBlocking(true)
+    this._stopReading()
+    return new CopyStream(this.pq)
+  }
 
-Client.prototype.querySync = function (text, values) {
-  if (values) {
-    this.pq.execParams(text, values)
-  } else {
-    this.pq.exec(text)
+  // cancel a currently executing query
+  cancel(cb) {
+    assert(cb, 'Callback is required')
+    // result is either true or a string containing an error
+    const result = this.pq.cancel()
+    return setImmediate(function () {
+      cb(result === true ? undefined : new Error(result))
+    })
   }
 
-  throwIfError(this.pq)
-  const result = buildResult(this.pq, this._types, this.arrayMode)
-  return result.rows
-}
+  querySync(text, values) {
+    if (values) {
+      this.pq.execParams(text, values)
+    } else {
+      this.pq.exec(text)
+    }
 
-Client.prototype.prepareSync = function (statementName, text, nParams) {
-  this.pq.prepare(statementName, text, nParams)
-  throwIfError(this.pq)
-}
+    throwIfError(this.pq)
+    const result = buildResult(this.pq, this._types, this.arrayMode)
+    return result.rows
+  }
 
-Client.prototype.executeSync = function (statementName, parameters) {
-  this.pq.execPrepared(statementName, parameters)
-  throwIfError(this.pq)
-  return buildResult(this.pq, this._types, this.arrayMode).rows
-}
+  prepareSync(statementName, text, nParams) {
+    this.pq.prepare(statementName, text, nParams)
+    throwIfError(this.pq)
+  }
 
-Client.prototype.escapeLiteral = function (value) {
-  return this.pq.escapeLiteral(value)
-}
+  executeSync(statementName, parameters) {
+    this.pq.execPrepared(statementName, parameters)
+    throwIfError(this.pq)
+    return buildResult(this.pq, this._types, this.arrayMode).rows
+  }
 
-Client.prototype.escapeIdentifier = function (value) {
-  return this.pq.escapeIdentifier(value)
-}
+  escapeLiteral(value) {
+    return this.pq.escapeLiteral(value)
+  }
 
-// export the version number so we can check it in node-postgres
-module.exports.version = require('./package.json').version
+  escapeIdentifier(value) {
+    return this.pq.escapeIdentifier(value)
+  }
 
-Client.prototype.end = function (cb) {
-  this._stopReading()
-  this.pq.finish()
-  if (cb) setImmediate(cb)
-}
+  end(cb) {
+    this._stopReading()
+    this.pq.finish()
+    if (cb) setImmediate(cb)
+  }
 
-Client.prototype._readError = function (message) {
-  const err = new Error(message || this.pq.errorMessage())
-  this.emit('error', err)
-}
+  _readError(message) {
+    const err = new Error(message || this.pq.errorMessage())
+    this.emit('error', err)
+  }
 
-Client.prototype._stopReading = function () {
-  if (!this._reading) return
-  this._reading = false
-  this.pq.stopReader()
-  this.pq.removeListener('readable', this._read)
-}
+  _stopReading() {
+    if (!this._reading) return
+    this._reading = false
+    this.pq.stopReader()
+    this.pq.removeListener('readable', this._read)
+  }
 
-Client.prototype._consumeQueryResults = function (pq) {
-  return buildResult(pq, this._types, this.arrayMode)
-}
+  _consumeQueryResults(pq) {
+    return buildResult(pq, this._types, this.arrayMode)
+  }
 
-Client.prototype._emitResult = function (pq) {
-  const status = pq.resultStatus()
-  switch (status) {
-    case 'PGRES_FATAL_ERROR':
-      this._queryError = new Error(this.pq.resultErrorMessage())
-      break
-
-    case 'PGRES_TUPLES_OK':
-    case 'PGRES_COMMAND_OK':
-    case 'PGRES_EMPTY_QUERY':
-      {
-        const result = this._consumeQueryResults(this.pq)
-        this.emit('result', result)
+  _emitResult(pq) {
+    const status = pq.resultStatus()
+    switch (status) {
+      case 'PGRES_FATAL_ERROR':
+        this._queryError = new Error(this.pq.resultErrorMessage())
+        break
+
+      case 'PGRES_TUPLES_OK':
+      case 'PGRES_COMMAND_OK':
+      case 'PGRES_EMPTY_QUERY':
+        {
+          const result = this._consumeQueryResults(this.pq)
+          this.emit('result', result)
+        }
+        break
+
+      case 'PGRES_COPY_OUT':
+      case 'PGRES_COPY_BOTH': {
+        break
       }
-      break
 
-    case 'PGRES_COPY_OUT':
-    case 'PGRES_COPY_BOTH': {
-      break
+      default:
+        this._readError('unrecognized command status: ' + status)
+        break
     }
-
-    default:
-      this._readError('unrecognized command status: ' + status)
-      break
+    return status
   }
-  return status
-}
 
-// called when libpq is readable
-Client.prototype._read = function () {
-  const pq = this.pq
-  // read waiting data from the socket
-  // e.g. clear the pending 'select'
-  if (!pq.consumeInput()) {
-    // if consumeInput returns false
-    // than a read error has been encountered
-    return this._readError()
-  }
+  // called when libpq is readable
+  _read() {
+    const pq = this.pq
+    // read waiting data from the socket
+    // e.g. clear the pending 'select'
+    if (!pq.consumeInput()) {
+      // if consumeInput returns false
+      // than a read error has been encountered
+      return this._readError()
+    }
 
-  // check if there is still outstanding data
-  // if so, wait for it all to come in
-  if (pq.isBusy()) {
-    return
-  }
+    // check if there is still outstanding data
+    // if so, wait for it all to come in
+    if (pq.isBusy()) {
+      return
+    }
 
-  // load our result object
+    // load our result object
 
-  while (pq.getResult()) {
-    const resultStatus = this._emitResult(this.pq)
+    while (pq.getResult()) {
+      const resultStatus = this._emitResult(this.pq)
 
-    // if the command initiated copy mode we need to break out of the read loop
-    // so a substream can begin to read copy data
-    if (resultStatus === 'PGRES_COPY_BOTH' || resultStatus === 'PGRES_COPY_OUT') {
-      break
-    }
+      // if the command initiated copy mode we need to break out of the read loop
+      // so a substream can begin to read copy data
+      if (resultStatus === 'PGRES_COPY_BOTH' || resultStatus === 'PGRES_COPY_OUT') {
+        break
+      }
 
-    // if reading multiple results, sometimes the following results might cause
-    // a blocking read. in this scenario yield back off the reader until libpq is readable
-    if (pq.isBusy()) {
-      return
+      // if reading multiple results, sometimes the following results might cause
+      // a blocking read. in this scenario yield back off the reader until libpq is readable
+      if (pq.isBusy()) {
+        return
+      }
     }
-  }
 
-  this.emit('readyForQuery')
+    this.emit('readyForQuery')
 
-  let notice = this.pq.notifies()
-  while (notice) {
-    this.emit('notification', notice)
-    notice = this.pq.notifies()
+    let notice = this.pq.notifies()
+    while (notice) {
+      this.emit('notification', notice)
+      notice = this.pq.notifies()
+    }
   }
-}
-
-// ensures the client is reading and
-// everything is set up for async io
-Client.prototype._startReading = function () {
-  if (this._reading) return
-  this._reading = true
-  this.pq.on('readable', this._read)
-  this.pq.startReader()
-}
 
-const throwIfError = function (pq) {
-  const err = pq.resultErrorMessage() || pq.errorMessage()
-  if (err) {
-    throw new Error(err)
+  // ensures the client is reading and
+  // everything is set up for async io
+  _startReading() {
+    if (this._reading) return
+    this._reading = true
+    this.pq.on('readable', this._read)
+    this.pq.startReader()
   }
-}
 
-Client.prototype._awaitResult = function (cb) {
-  this._queryCallback = cb
-  return this._startReading()
-}
+  _awaitResult(cb) {
+    this._queryCallback = cb
+    return this._startReading()
+  }
 
-// wait for the writable socket to drain
-Client.prototype._waitForDrain = function (pq, cb) {
-  const res = pq.flush()
-  // res of 0 is success
-  if (res === 0) return cb()
-
-  // res of -1 is failure
-  if (res === -1) return cb(pq.errorMessage())
-
-  // otherwise outgoing message didn't flush to socket
-  // wait for it to flush and try again
-  const self = this
-  // you cannot read & write on a socket at the same time
-  return pq.writable(function () {
-    self._waitForDrain(pq, cb)
-  })
-}
+  // wait for the writable socket to drain
+  _waitForDrain(pq, cb) {
+    const res = pq.flush()
+    // res of 0 is success
+    if (res === 0) return cb()
+
+    // res of -1 is failure
+    if (res === -1) return cb(pq.errorMessage())
+
+    // otherwise outgoing message didn't flush to socket
+    // wait for it to flush and try again
+    const self = this
+    // you cannot read & write on a socket at the same time
+    return pq.writable(function () {
+      self._waitForDrain(pq, cb)
+    })
+  }
 
-// send an async query to libpq and wait for it to
-// finish writing query text to the socket
-Client.prototype._dispatchQuery = function (pq, fn, cb) {
-  this._stopReading()
-  const success = pq.setNonBlocking(true)
-  if (!success) return cb(new Error('Unable to set non-blocking to true'))
-  const sent = fn()
-  if (!sent) return cb(new Error(pq.errorMessage() || 'Something went wrong dispatching the query'))
-  this._waitForDrain(pq, cb)
-}
+  // send an async query to libpq and wait for it to
+  // finish writing query text to the socket
+  _dispatchQuery(pq, fn, cb) {
+    this._stopReading()
+    const success = pq.setNonBlocking(true)
+    if (!success) return cb(new Error('Unable to set non-blocking to true'))
+    const sent = fn()
+    if (!sent) return cb(new Error(pq.errorMessage() || 'Something went wrong dispatching the query'))
+    this._waitForDrain(pq, cb)
+  }
 
-Client.prototype._onResult = function (result) {
-  if (this._resultCount === 0) {
-    this._results = result
-    this._rows = result.rows
-  } else if (this._resultCount === 1) {
-    this._results = [this._results, result]
-    this._rows = [this._rows, result.rows]
-  } else {
-    this._results.push(result)
-    this._rows.push(result.rows)
+  _onResult(result) {
+    if (this._resultCount === 0) {
+      this._results = result
+      this._rows = result.rows
+    } else if (this._resultCount === 1) {
+      this._results = [this._results, result]
+      this._rows = [this._rows, result.rows]
+    } else {
+      this._results.push(result)
+      this._rows.push(result.rows)
+    }
+    this._resultCount++
   }
-  this._resultCount++
-}
 
-Client.prototype._onReadyForQuery = function () {
-  // remove instance callback
-  const cb = this._queryCallback
-  this._queryCallback = undefined
+  _onReadyForQuery() {
+    // remove instance callback
+    const cb = this._queryCallback
+    this._queryCallback = undefined
 
-  // remove instance query error
-  const err = this._queryError
-  this._queryError = undefined
+    // remove instance query error
+    const err = this._queryError
+    this._queryError = undefined
 
-  // remove instance rows
-  const rows = this._rows
-  this._rows = undefined
+    // remove instance rows
+    const rows = this._rows
+    this._rows = undefined
 
-  // remove instance results
-  const results = this._results
-  this._results = undefined
+    // remove instance results
+    const results = this._results
+    this._results = undefined
 
-  this._resultCount = 0
+    this._resultCount = 0
 
-  if (cb) {
-    cb(err, rows || [], results)
+    if (cb) {
+      cb(err, rows || [], results)
+    }
+  }
+}
+const throwIfError = function (pq) {
+  const err = pq.resultErrorMessage() || pq.errorMessage()
+  if (err) {
+    throw new Error(err)
   }
 }
+
+// export the version number so we can check it in node-postgres
+module.exports.version = require('./package.json').version

From d55d21158f01ee3a9f3bab542e760b9bb09c8d99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: francesco <francesco.bagnoli.69@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Dec 2025 17:41:47 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 6/9] fix: lint

---
 packages/pg-native/index.js | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/pg-native/index.js b/packages/pg-native/index.js
index d6378ead8..c95fc698d 100644
--- a/packages/pg-native/index.js
+++ b/packages/pg-native/index.js
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 const Libpq = require('libpq')
 const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter
-const util = require('util')
 const assert = require('assert')
 const types = require('pg-types')
 const buildResult = require('./lib/build-result')
 const CopyStream = require('./lib/copy-stream')
 
 module.exports = class Client extends EventEmitter {
-  constructor (config) {
+  constructor(config) {
+    super()
     if (!(this instanceof Client)) {
       return new Client(config)
     }

From 163572eb5f274ca1a71c89efc95944b0c4406696 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: francesco <francesco.bagnoli.69@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Dec 2025 17:54:16 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 7/9] fix: old js

---
 packages/pg-native/index.js | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/pg-native/index.js b/packages/pg-native/index.js
index c95fc698d..428f500da 100644
--- a/packages/pg-native/index.js
+++ b/packages/pg-native/index.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ const types = require('pg-types')
 const buildResult = require('./lib/build-result')
 const CopyStream = require('./lib/copy-stream')
 
-module.exports = class Client extends EventEmitter {
+class ClientClass extends EventEmitter {
   constructor(config) {
     super()
     if (!(this instanceof Client)) {
@@ -327,3 +327,7 @@ const throwIfError = function (pq) {
 
 // export the version number so we can check it in node-postgres
 module.exports.version = require('./package.json').version
+
+module.exports = function Client(config) {
+  return new ClientClass(config);
+}

From 93e659a5f16b3081dcced2499780f741dc97f99b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: francesco <francesco.bagnoli.69@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Dec 2025 17:56:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 8/9] fix: lint

---
 packages/pg-native/index.js | 5 +----
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/pg-native/index.js b/packages/pg-native/index.js
index 428f500da..6b71cea4a 100644
--- a/packages/pg-native/index.js
+++ b/packages/pg-native/index.js
@@ -8,9 +8,6 @@ const CopyStream = require('./lib/copy-stream')
 class ClientClass extends EventEmitter {
   constructor(config) {
     super()
-    if (!(this instanceof Client)) {
-      return new Client(config)
-    }
 
     config = config || {}
 
@@ -329,5 +326,5 @@ const throwIfError = function (pq) {
 module.exports.version = require('./package.json').version
 
 module.exports = function Client(config) {
-  return new ClientClass(config);
+  return new ClientClass(config)
 }

From eafb2cb4766b752c45e106058cad3aa3eb22a0d6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: francesco <francesco.bagnoli.69@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Dec 2025 09:00:31 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 9/9] fix: legacy

---
 packages/pg-native/index.js | 12 +++++++-----
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/pg-native/index.js b/packages/pg-native/index.js
index 6b71cea4a..0c9a257be 100644
--- a/packages/pg-native/index.js
+++ b/packages/pg-native/index.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ const types = require('pg-types')
 const buildResult = require('./lib/build-result')
 const CopyStream = require('./lib/copy-stream')
 
-class ClientClass extends EventEmitter {
+class Client extends EventEmitter {
   constructor(config) {
     super()
 
@@ -322,9 +322,11 @@ const throwIfError = function (pq) {
   }
 }
 
+function createClient(config) {
+  return new Client(config)
+}
+
+module.exports = createClient
+module.exports.Client = Client
 // export the version number so we can check it in node-postgres
 module.exports.version = require('./package.json').version
-
-module.exports = function Client(config) {
-  return new ClientClass(config)
-}