[3.13] gh-144148: Update the urllib.parse documentation (GH-144497) (GH-144507) (GH-144509)

(cherry picked from commit 2fb9cde)

Document urlsplit() as the main parsing function and urlparse() as
an obsolete variant.
(cherry picked from commit 67ddba9)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

Author: miss-islington

Doc/library/urllib.parse.rst

@@ -50,11 +50,12 @@ URL Parsing
 The URL parsing functions focus on splitting a URL string into its components,
 or on combining URL components into a URL string.
 
-.. function:: urlparse(urlstring, scheme='', allow_fragments=True)
+.. function:: urlsplit(urlstring, scheme=None, allow_fragments=True)
 
-   Parse a URL into six components, returning a 6-item :term:`named tuple`.  This
-   corresponds to the general structure of a URL:
-   ``scheme://netloc/path;parameters?query#fragment``.
+   Parse a URL into five components, returning a 5-item :term:`named tuple`
+   :class:`SplitResult` or :class:`SplitResultBytes`.
+   This corresponds to the general structure of a URL:
+   ``scheme://netloc/path?query#fragment``.
    Each tuple item is a string, possibly empty. The components are not broken up
    into smaller parts (for example, the network location is a single string), and %
    escapes are not expanded. The delimiters as shown above are not part of the
@@ -64,15 +65,15 @@ or on combining URL components into a URL string.
    .. doctest::
       :options: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
 
-      >>> from urllib.parse import urlparse
-      >>> urlparse("scheme://netloc/path;parameters?query#fragment")
-      ParseResult(scheme='scheme', netloc='netloc', path='/path;parameters', params='',
+      >>> from urllib.parse import urlsplit
+      >>> urlsplit("scheme://netloc/path?query#fragment")
+      SplitResult(scheme='scheme', netloc='netloc', path='/path',
                   query='query', fragment='fragment')
-      >>> o = urlparse("http://docs.python.org:80/3/library/urllib.parse.html?"
+      >>> o = urlsplit("http://docs.python.org:80/3/library/urllib.parse.html?"
       ...              "highlight=params#url-parsing")
       >>> o
-      ParseResult(scheme='http', netloc='docs.python.org:80',
-                  path='/3/library/urllib.parse.html', params='',
+      SplitResult(scheme='http', netloc='docs.python.org:80',
+                  path='/3/library/urllib.parse.html',
                   query='highlight=params', fragment='url-parsing')
       >>> o.scheme
       'http'
@@ -85,23 +86,23 @@ or on combining URL components into a URL string.
       >>> o._replace(fragment="").geturl()
       'http://docs.python.org:80/3/library/urllib.parse.html?highlight=params'
 
-   Following the syntax specifications in :rfc:`1808`, urlparse recognizes
+   Following the syntax specifications in :rfc:`1808`, :func:`!urlsplit` recognizes
    a netloc only if it is properly introduced by '//'.  Otherwise the
    input is presumed to be a relative URL and thus to start with
    a path component.
 
    .. doctest::
       :options: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
 
-      >>> from urllib.parse import urlparse
-      >>> urlparse('//www.cwi.nl:80/%7Eguido/Python.html')
-      ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='www.cwi.nl:80', path='/%7Eguido/Python.html',
-                  params='', query='', fragment='')
-      >>> urlparse('www.cwi.nl/%7Eguido/Python.html')
-      ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='', path='www.cwi.nl/%7Eguido/Python.html',
-                  params='', query='', fragment='')
-      >>> urlparse('help/Python.html')
-      ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='', path='help/Python.html', params='',
+      >>> from urllib.parse import urlsplit
+      >>> urlsplit('//www.cwi.nl:80/%7Eguido/Python.html')
+      SplitResult(scheme='', netloc='www.cwi.nl:80', path='/%7Eguido/Python.html',
+                  query='', fragment='')
+      >>> urlsplit('www.cwi.nl/%7Eguido/Python.html')
+      SplitResult(scheme='', netloc='', path='www.cwi.nl/%7Eguido/Python.html',
+                  query='', fragment='')
+      >>> urlsplit('help/Python.html')
+      SplitResult(scheme='', netloc='', path='help/Python.html',
                   query='', fragment='')
 
    The *scheme* argument gives the default addressing scheme, to be
@@ -126,12 +127,9 @@ or on combining URL components into a URL string.
    +------------------+-------+-------------------------+------------------------+
    | :attr:`path`     | 2     | Hierarchical path       | empty string           |
    +------------------+-------+-------------------------+------------------------+
-   | :attr:`params`   | 3     | Parameters for last     | empty string           |
-   |                  |       | path element            |                        |
-   +------------------+-------+-------------------------+------------------------+
-   | :attr:`query`    | 4     | Query component         | empty string           |
+   | :attr:`query`    | 3     | Query component         | empty string           |
    +------------------+-------+-------------------------+------------------------+
-   | :attr:`fragment` | 5     | Fragment identifier     | empty string           |
+   | :attr:`fragment` | 4     | Fragment identifier     | empty string           |
    +------------------+-------+-------------------------+------------------------+
    | :attr:`username` |       | User name               | :const:`None`          |
    +------------------+-------+-------------------------+------------------------+
@@ -155,26 +153,30 @@ or on combining URL components into a URL string.
    ``#``, ``@``, or ``:`` will raise a :exc:`ValueError`. If the URL is
    decomposed before parsing, no error will be raised.
 
+   Following some of the `WHATWG spec`_ that updates :rfc:`3986`, leading C0
+   control and space characters are stripped from the URL. ``\n``,
+   ``\r`` and tab ``\t`` characters are removed from the URL at any position.
+
    As is the case with all named tuples, the subclass has a few additional methods
    and attributes that are particularly useful. One such method is :meth:`_replace`.
-   The :meth:`_replace` method will return a new ParseResult object replacing specified
-   fields with new values.
+   The :meth:`_replace` method will return a new :class:`SplitResult` object
+   replacing specified fields with new values.
 
    .. doctest::
       :options: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
 
-      >>> from urllib.parse import urlparse
-      >>> u = urlparse('//www.cwi.nl:80/%7Eguido/Python.html')
+      >>> from urllib.parse import urlsplit
+      >>> u = urlsplit('//www.cwi.nl:80/%7Eguido/Python.html')
       >>> u
-      ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='www.cwi.nl:80', path='/%7Eguido/Python.html',
-                  params='', query='', fragment='')
+      SplitResult(scheme='', netloc='www.cwi.nl:80', path='/%7Eguido/Python.html',
+                  query='', fragment='')
       >>> u._replace(scheme='http')
-      ParseResult(scheme='http', netloc='www.cwi.nl:80', path='/%7Eguido/Python.html',
-                  params='', query='', fragment='')
+      SplitResult(scheme='http', netloc='www.cwi.nl:80', path='/%7Eguido/Python.html',
+                  query='', fragment='')
 
    .. warning::
 
-      :func:`urlparse` does not perform validation.  See :ref:`URL parsing
+      :func:`urlsplit` does not perform validation.  See :ref:`URL parsing
       security <url-parsing-security>` for details.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.2
@@ -193,6 +195,14 @@ or on combining URL components into a URL string.
       Characters that affect netloc parsing under NFKC normalization will
       now raise :exc:`ValueError`.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.10
+      ASCII newline and tab characters are stripped from the URL.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.12
+      Leading WHATWG C0 control and space characters are stripped from the URL.
+
+.. _WHATWG spec: https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-basic-url-parser
+
 
 .. function:: parse_qs(qs, keep_blank_values=False, strict_parsing=False, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace', max_num_fields=None, separator='&')
 
@@ -283,93 +293,35 @@ or on combining URL components into a URL string.
       separator key, with ``&`` as the default separator.
 
 
-.. function:: urlunparse(parts)
+.. function:: urlunsplit(parts)
 
-   Construct a URL from a tuple as returned by ``urlparse()``. The *parts*
-   argument can be any six-item iterable. This may result in a slightly
+   Construct a URL from a tuple as returned by ``urlsplit()``. The *parts*
+   argument can be any five-item iterable. This may result in a slightly
    different, but equivalent URL, if the URL that was parsed originally had
    unnecessary delimiters (for example, a ``?`` with an empty query; the RFC
    states that these are equivalent).
 
 
-.. function:: urlsplit(urlstring, scheme='', allow_fragments=True)
-
-   This is similar to :func:`urlparse`, but does not split the params from the URL.
-   This should generally be used instead of :func:`urlparse` if the more recent URL
-   syntax allowing parameters to be applied to each segment of the *path* portion
-   of the URL (see :rfc:`2396`) is wanted.  A separate function is needed to
-   separate the path segments and parameters.  This function returns a 5-item
-   :term:`named tuple`::
-
-      (addressing scheme, network location, path, query, fragment identifier).
-
-   The return value is a :term:`named tuple`, its items can be accessed by index
-   or as named attributes:
-
-   +------------------+-------+-------------------------+----------------------+
-   | Attribute        | Index | Value                   | Value if not present |
-   +==================+=======+=========================+======================+
-   | :attr:`scheme`   | 0     | URL scheme specifier    | *scheme* parameter   |
-   +------------------+-------+-------------------------+----------------------+
-   | :attr:`netloc`   | 1     | Network location part   | empty string         |
-   +------------------+-------+-------------------------+----------------------+
-   | :attr:`path`     | 2     | Hierarchical path       | empty string         |
-   +------------------+-------+-------------------------+----------------------+
-   | :attr:`query`    | 3     | Query component         | empty string         |
-   +------------------+-------+-------------------------+----------------------+
-   | :attr:`fragment` | 4     | Fragment identifier     | empty string         |
-   +------------------+-------+-------------------------+----------------------+
-   | :attr:`username` |       | User name               | :const:`None`        |
-   +------------------+-------+-------------------------+----------------------+
-   | :attr:`password` |       | Password                | :const:`None`        |
-   +------------------+-------+-------------------------+----------------------+
-   | :attr:`hostname` |       | Host name (lower case)  | :const:`None`        |
-   +------------------+-------+-------------------------+----------------------+
-   | :attr:`port`     |       | Port number as integer, | :const:`None`        |
-   |                  |       | if present              |                      |
-   +------------------+-------+-------------------------+----------------------+
-
-   Reading the :attr:`port` attribute will raise a :exc:`ValueError` if
-   an invalid port is specified in the URL.  See section
-   :ref:`urlparse-result-object` for more information on the result object.
-
-   Unmatched square brackets in the :attr:`netloc` attribute will raise a
-   :exc:`ValueError`.
-
-   Characters in the :attr:`netloc` attribute that decompose under NFKC
-   normalization (as used by the IDNA encoding) into any of ``/``, ``?``,
-   ``#``, ``@``, or ``:`` will raise a :exc:`ValueError`. If the URL is
-   decomposed before parsing, no error will be raised.
-
-   Following some of the `WHATWG spec`_ that updates RFC 3986, leading C0
-   control and space characters are stripped from the URL. ``\n``,
-   ``\r`` and tab ``\t`` characters are removed from the URL at any position.
-
-   .. warning::
-
-      :func:`urlsplit` does not perform validation.  See :ref:`URL parsing
-      security <url-parsing-security>` for details.
+.. function:: urlparse(urlstring, scheme=None, allow_fragments=True)
 
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.6
-      Out-of-range port numbers now raise :exc:`ValueError`, instead of
-      returning :const:`None`.
+   This is similar to :func:`urlsplit`, but additionally splits the *path*
+   component on *path* and *params*.
+   This function returns a 6-item :term:`named tuple` :class:`ParseResult`
+   or :class:`ParseResultBytes`.
+   Its items are the same as for the :func:`!urlsplit` result, except that
+   *params* is inserted at index 3, between *path* and *query*.
 
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.8
-      Characters that affect netloc parsing under NFKC normalization will
-      now raise :exc:`ValueError`.
+   This function is based on obsoleted :rfc:`1738` and :rfc:`1808`, which
+   listed *params* as the main URL component.
+   The more recent URL syntax allows parameters to be applied to each segment
+   of the *path* portion of the URL (see :rfc:`3986`).
+   :func:`urlsplit` should generally be used instead of :func:`urlparse`.
+   A separate function is needed to separate the path segments and parameters.
 
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.10
-      ASCII newline and tab characters are stripped from the URL.
-
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.12
-      Leading WHATWG C0 control and space characters are stripped from the URL.
-
-.. _WHATWG spec: https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-basic-url-parser
-
-.. function:: urlunsplit(parts)
+.. function:: urlunparse(parts)
 
-   Combine the elements of a tuple as returned by :func:`urlsplit` into a
-   complete URL as a string. The *parts* argument can be any five-item
+   Combine the elements of a tuple as returned by :func:`urlparse` into a
+   complete URL as a string. The *parts* argument can be any six-item
    iterable. This may result in a slightly different, but equivalent URL, if the
    URL that was parsed originally had unnecessary delimiters (for example, a ?
    with an empty query; the RFC states that these are equivalent).
@@ -387,7 +339,7 @@ or on combining URL components into a URL string.
       'http://www.cwi.nl/%7Eguido/FAQ.html'
 
    The *allow_fragments* argument has the same meaning and default as for
-   :func:`urlparse`.
+   :func:`urlsplit`.
 
    .. note::
 
@@ -527,7 +479,7 @@ individual URL quoting functions.
 Structured Parse Results
 ------------------------
 
-The result objects from the :func:`urlparse`, :func:`urlsplit`  and
+The result objects from the :func:`urlsplit`, :func:`urlparse`  and
 :func:`urldefrag` functions are subclasses of the :class:`tuple` type.
 These subclasses add the attributes listed in the documentation for
 those functions, the encoding and decoding support described in the

Doc/library/venv.rst

@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ subclass which installs setuptools and pip into a created virtual environment::
     from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
     import sys
     from threading import Thread
-    from urllib.parse import urlparse
+    from urllib.parse import urlsplit
     from urllib.request import urlretrieve
     import venv
 
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ subclass which installs setuptools and pip into a created virtual environment::
             stream.close()
 
         def install_script(self, context, name, url):
-            _, _, path, _, _, _ = urlparse(url)
+            _, _, path, _, _ = urlsplit(url)
             fn = os.path.split(path)[-1]
             binpath = context.bin_path
             distpath = os.path.join(binpath, fn)

Lib/urllib/parse.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """Parse (absolute and relative) URLs.
 
-urlparse module is based upon the following RFC specifications.
+urllib.parse module is based upon the following RFC specifications.
 
 RFC 3986 (STD66): "Uniform Resource Identifiers" by T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding
 and L.  Masinter, January 2005.
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 McCahill, December 1994
 
 RFC 3986 is considered the current standard and any future changes to
-urlparse module should conform with it.  The urlparse module is
+urllib.parse module should conform with it.  The urllib.parse module is
 currently not entirely compliant with this RFC due to defacto
 scenarios for parsing, and for backward compatibility purposes, some
 parsing quirks from older RFCs are retained. The testcases in
@@ -390,6 +390,8 @@ def urlparse(url, scheme='', allow_fragments=True):
     path or query.
 
     Note that % escapes are not expanded.
+
+    urlsplit() should generally be used instead of urlparse().
     """
     url, scheme, _coerce_result = _coerce_args(url, scheme)
     splitresult = urlsplit(url, scheme, allow_fragments)