diff --git a/config/sets/phpunit-code-quality.php b/config/sets/phpunit-code-quality.php
index 73ed3bd9..7454a661 100644
--- a/config/sets/phpunit-code-quality.php
+++ b/config/sets/phpunit-code-quality.php
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 use Rector\PHPUnit\CodeQuality\Rector\Class_\InlineStubPropertyToCreateStubMethodCallRector;
 use Rector\PHPUnit\CodeQuality\Rector\Class_\NarrowUnusedSetUpDefinedPropertyRector;
 use Rector\PHPUnit\CodeQuality\Rector\Class_\PreferPHPUnitThisCallRector;
+use Rector\PHPUnit\CodeQuality\Rector\Class_\RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector;
 use Rector\PHPUnit\CodeQuality\Rector\Class_\SingleMockPropertyTypeRector;
 use Rector\PHPUnit\CodeQuality\Rector\Class_\TestWithToDataProviderRector;
 use Rector\PHPUnit\CodeQuality\Rector\Class_\TypeWillReturnCallableArrowFunctionRector;
@@ -148,6 +149,7 @@
         EntityDocumentCreateMockToDirectNewRector::class,
         ReplaceAtMethodWithDesiredMatcherRector::class,
         BareCreateMockAssignToDirectUseRector::class,
+        RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector::class,
 
         // readability
         NoSetupWithParentCallOverrideRector::class,
diff --git a/rules-tests/CodeQuality/Rector/Class_/RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector/Fixture/fixture.php.inc b/rules-tests/CodeQuality/Rector/Class_/RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector/Fixture/fixture.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..46a32e72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules-tests/CodeQuality/Rector/Class_/RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector/Fixture/fixture.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Rector\PHPUnit\Tests\CodeQuality\Rector\Class_\RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector\Fixture;
+
+use PHPUnit\Framework\MockObject\MockObject;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+final class SomeTest extends TestCase
+{
+    private MockObject $mockProperty;
+
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        $this->mockProperty = $this->createMock(\stdClass::class);
+        $this->mockProperty->expects($this->once())
+            ->method('someMethod')
+            ->willReturn('someValue');
+    }
+}
+
+?>
+-----
+<?php
+
+namespace Rector\PHPUnit\Tests\CodeQuality\Rector\Class_\RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector\Fixture;
+
+use PHPUnit\Framework\MockObject\MockObject;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+final class SomeTest extends TestCase
+{
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+    }
+}
+
+?>
diff --git a/rules-tests/CodeQuality/Rector/Class_/RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector/Fixture/skip_if_passed.php.inc b/rules-tests/CodeQuality/Rector/Class_/RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector/Fixture/skip_if_passed.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..09d6fd91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules-tests/CodeQuality/Rector/Class_/RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector/Fixture/skip_if_passed.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Rector\PHPUnit\Tests\CodeQuality\Rector\Class_\RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector\Fixture;
+
+use PHPUnit\Framework\MockObject\MockObject;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+final class SkipIfPassed extends TestCase
+{
+    private MockObject $mockProperty;
+
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        $this->mockProperty = $this->createMock(\stdClass::class);
+        $this->mockProperty->expects($this->once())
+            ->method('someMethod')
+            ->willReturn('someValue');
+    }
+
+    public function test()
+    {
+        $someMock = new \stdClass($this->mockProperty);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/rules-tests/CodeQuality/Rector/Class_/RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector/RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRectorTest.php b/rules-tests/CodeQuality/Rector/Class_/RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector/RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRectorTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d88a8d90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules-tests/CodeQuality/Rector/Class_/RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector/RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRectorTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Rector\PHPUnit\Tests\CodeQuality\Rector\Class_\RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector;
+
+use Iterator;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
+use Rector\Testing\PHPUnit\AbstractRectorTestCase;
+
+final class RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRectorTest extends AbstractRectorTestCase
+{
+    #[DataProvider('provideData')]
+    public function test(string $filePath): void
+    {
+        $this->doTestFile($filePath);
+    }
+
+    public static function provideData(): Iterator
+    {
+        return self::yieldFilesFromDirectory(__DIR__ . '/Fixture');
+    }
+
+    public function provideConfigFilePath(): string
+    {
+        return __DIR__ . '/config/configured_rule.php';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/rules-tests/CodeQuality/Rector/Class_/RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector/config/configured_rule.php b/rules-tests/CodeQuality/Rector/Class_/RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector/config/configured_rule.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9e3f1712
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules-tests/CodeQuality/Rector/Class_/RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector/config/configured_rule.php
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+use Rector\Config\RectorConfig;
+use Rector\PHPUnit\CodeQuality\Rector\Class_\RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector;
+
+return static function (RectorConfig $rectorConfig): void {
+    $rectorConfig->rule(RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector::class);
+};
diff --git a/rules/CodeQuality/NodeAnalyser/MockObjectExprDetector.php b/rules/CodeQuality/NodeAnalyser/MockObjectExprDetector.php
index 5bd81179..641c1ecd 100644
--- a/rules/CodeQuality/NodeAnalyser/MockObjectExprDetector.php
+++ b/rules/CodeQuality/NodeAnalyser/MockObjectExprDetector.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 namespace Rector\PHPUnit\CodeQuality\NodeAnalyser;
 
 use PhpParser\Node\Expr;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr\CallLike;
 use PhpParser\Node\Expr\MethodCall;
 use PhpParser\Node\Expr\PropertyFetch;
 use PhpParser\Node\Expr\Variable;
@@ -101,4 +102,31 @@ public function isPropertyUsedForMocking(Class_ $class, string $propertyName): b
 
         return false;
     }
+
+    public function isPropertyMockObjectPassedAsArgument(Class_ $class, string $propertyName): bool
+    {
+        /** @var array<Expr\CallLike> $callLikes */
+        $callLikes = $this->betterNodeFinder->findInstancesOfScoped($class->getMethods(), [CallLike::class]);
+
+        foreach ($callLikes as $callLike) {
+            if ($callLike->isFirstClassCallable()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            foreach ($callLike->getArgs() as $arg) {
+                if (! $arg->value instanceof PropertyFetch) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                $propertyFetch = $arg->value;
+
+                // its used in arg
+                if ($this->nodeNameResolver->isName($propertyFetch->name, $propertyName)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/rules/CodeQuality/Rector/Class_/RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector.php b/rules/CodeQuality/Rector/Class_/RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b7de62d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules/CodeQuality/Rector/Class_/RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector.php
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Rector\PHPUnit\CodeQuality\Rector\Class_;
+
+use PhpParser\Node;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr\Assign;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr\MethodCall;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr\PropertyFetch;
+use PhpParser\Node\Stmt\Class_;
+use PhpParser\Node\Stmt\ClassMethod;
+use PhpParser\Node\Stmt\Expression;
+use PhpParser\Node\Stmt\Property;
+use Rector\PHPUnit\CodeQuality\NodeAnalyser\MockObjectExprDetector;
+use Rector\PHPUnit\CodeQuality\NodeAnalyser\MockObjectPropertyDetector;
+use Rector\PHPUnit\NodeAnalyzer\TestsNodeAnalyzer;
+use Rector\Rector\AbstractRector;
+use Rector\ValueObject\MethodName;
+use Symplify\RuleDocGenerator\ValueObject\CodeSample\CodeSample;
+use Symplify\RuleDocGenerator\ValueObject\RuleDefinition;
+
+/**
+ * @see \Rector\PHPUnit\Tests\CodeQuality\Rector\Class_\RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector\RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRectorTest
+ */
+final class RemoveNeverUsedMockPropertyRector extends AbstractRector
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private readonly TestsNodeAnalyzer $testsNodeAnalyzer,
+        private readonly MockObjectPropertyDetector $mockObjectPropertyDetector,
+        private readonly MockObjectExprDetector $mockObjectExprDetector,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    public function getRuleDefinition(): RuleDefinition
+    {
+        return new RuleDefinition(
+            'Remove never used property mock, only to set expectations',
+            [
+                new CodeSample(
+                    <<<'CODE_SAMPLE'
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+final class SomeTest extends TestCase
+{
+    private $mockProperty = null;
+
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        $this->mockProperty = $this->createMock(SomeClass::class);
+        $this->mockProperty->expects($this->once())
+            ->method('someMethod')
+            ->willReturn('someValue');
+    }
+}
+CODE_SAMPLE
+
+                    ,
+                    <<<'CODE_SAMPLE'
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+final class SomeTest extends TestCase
+{
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+    }
+}
+CODE_SAMPLE
+                ),
+            ]
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<class-string<Node>>
+     */
+    public function getNodeTypes(): array
+    {
+        return [Class_::class];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param Class_ $node
+     */
+    public function refactor(Node $node): ?Node
+    {
+        if (! $this->testsNodeAnalyzer->isInTestClass($node)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $setUpClassMethod = $node->getMethod(MethodName::SET_UP);
+        if (! $setUpClassMethod instanceof ClassMethod) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $propertyNamesToCreateMockMethodCalls = $this->mockObjectPropertyDetector->collectFromClassMethod(
+            $setUpClassMethod
+        );
+        if ($propertyNamesToCreateMockMethodCalls === []) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $propertyNamesToRemove = [];
+        foreach (array_keys($propertyNamesToCreateMockMethodCalls) as $propertyName) {
+            if ($this->mockObjectExprDetector->isPropertyMockObjectPassedAsArgument($node, $propertyName)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $propertyNamesToRemove[] = $propertyName;
+        }
+
+        if ($propertyNamesToRemove === []) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // remove never used mock properties
+        foreach ($propertyNamesToRemove as $propertyNameToRemove) {
+            // 1. remove property
+            $this->removePropertyFromClass($node, $propertyNameToRemove);
+
+            // 2. remove assign from setUp()
+            $this->removeMockPropertyFromSetUpMethod($setUpClassMethod, $propertyNameToRemove);
+
+            // 3. remove expression method calls on this property
+            foreach ($node->getMethods() as $classMethod) {
+                foreach ((array) $classMethod->stmts as $key => $classMethodStmt) {
+                    if (! $classMethodStmt instanceof Expression) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    if (! $classMethodStmt->expr instanceof MethodCall) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    $methodCall = $classMethodStmt->expr;
+                    $currentMethodCall = $methodCall;
+                    while ($currentMethodCall->var instanceof MethodCall) {
+                        $currentMethodCall = $currentMethodCall->var;
+                    }
+
+                    if (! $currentMethodCall->var instanceof PropertyFetch) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    $propertyFetch = $currentMethodCall->var;
+                    if (! $this->isName($propertyFetch->name, $propertyNameToRemove)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    unset($classMethod->stmts[$key]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $node;
+    }
+
+    private function removeMockPropertyFromSetUpMethod(ClassMethod $setUpClassMethod, string $propertyName): void
+    {
+        foreach ((array) $setUpClassMethod->stmts as $key => $classStmt) {
+            if (! $classStmt instanceof Expression) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (! $classStmt->expr instanceof Assign) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $assign = $classStmt->expr;
+            if (! $assign->var instanceof PropertyFetch) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $assignedPropertyFetch = $assign->var;
+            if (! $this->isName($assignedPropertyFetch->name, $propertyName)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            unset($setUpClassMethod->stmts[$key]);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function removePropertyFromClass(Class_ $class, string $propertyNameToRemove): void
+    {
+        foreach ($class->stmts as $key => $stmt) {
+            if (! $stmt instanceof Property) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (! $this->isName($stmt, $propertyNameToRemove)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            unset($class->stmts[$key]);
+        }
+    }
+}