diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index ea1f6e9f1..48201fe9a 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -957,10 +957,10 @@ dependencies = [
  "ceno_zkvm",
  "clap",
  "console",
- "ff_ext 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "ff_ext",
  "get_dir",
  "gkr_iop",
- "mpcs 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "mpcs",
  "openvm-circuit",
  "openvm-continuations",
  "openvm-cuda-backend",
@@ -1073,10 +1073,10 @@ dependencies = [
  "ceno_rt",
  "ceno_syscall",
  "elf",
- "ff_ext 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "ff_ext",
  "itertools 0.13.0",
  "k256 0.13.4 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/elliptic-curves?branch=ceno%2Fk256-13.4)",
- "multilinear_extensions 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "multilinear_extensions",
  "num",
  "num-derive",
  "num-traits",
@@ -1126,11 +1126,11 @@ dependencies = [
  "ceno_host",
  "ceno_zkvm",
  "clap",
- "ff_ext 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "ff_ext",
  "gkr_iop",
  "itertools 0.13.0",
- "mpcs 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
- "multilinear_extensions 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "mpcs",
+ "multilinear_extensions",
  "openvm",
  "openvm-circuit",
  "openvm-continuations",
@@ -1144,18 +1144,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "openvm-sdk",
  "openvm-stark-backend",
  "openvm-stark-sdk",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "p3",
  "parse-size",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
- "sumcheck 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "sumcheck",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-forest",
  "tracing-subscriber",
- "transcript 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
- "whir 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
- "witness 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "transcript",
+ "whir",
+ "witness",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1197,20 +1197,20 @@ dependencies = [
  "cudarc",
  "derive",
  "either",
- "ff_ext 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "ff_ext",
  "generic-array 1.2.0",
  "generic_static",
  "gkr_iop",
  "glob",
  "itertools 0.13.0",
  "metrics",
- "mpcs 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
- "multilinear_extensions 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "mpcs",
+ "multilinear_extensions",
  "ndarray",
  "num",
  "num-bigint 0.4.6",
  "once_cell",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "p3",
  "parse-size",
  "pprof2",
  "prettytable-rs",
@@ -1223,7 +1223,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sp1-curves",
  "strum",
  "strum_macros",
- "sumcheck 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "sumcheck",
  "tempfile",
  "tikv-jemalloc-ctl",
  "tikv-jemallocator",
@@ -1231,10 +1231,10 @@ dependencies = [
  "tracing",
  "tracing-forest",
  "tracing-subscriber",
- "transcript 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "transcript",
  "typenum",
- "whir 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
- "witness 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "whir",
+ "witness",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1584,22 +1584,7 @@ checksum = "e2931af7e13dc045d8e9d26afccc6fa115d64e115c9c84b1166288b46f6782c2"
 [[package]]
 name = "cuda_hal"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/ceno-gpu-mock.git?branch=main#802928096212ecb1d7347922bc13526ea63e1b01"
-dependencies = [
- "anyhow",
- "ff_ext 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "itertools 0.13.0",
- "mpcs 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "multilinear_extensions 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "rand 0.8.5",
- "rayon",
- "sumcheck 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "thiserror 2.0.12",
- "tracing",
- "transcript 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "witness 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
-]
+source = "git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/ceno-gpu-mock.git?branch=main#fe8f7923b7d3a3823c27949fab0aab8e31011aa9"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cudarc"
@@ -2230,24 +2215,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "ff_ext"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15#9be620b18900138d0b89569759fc2b3b9451b49e"
-dependencies = [
- "once_cell",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "rand_core 0.6.4",
- "serde",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "ff_ext"
 version = "0.1.0"
 source = "git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18#f53336217179d70df37852fc850b786d4bc82f15"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "p3",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
  "serde",
 ]
@@ -2414,18 +2388,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "cuda_hal",
  "cudarc",
  "either",
- "ff_ext 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "ff_ext",
  "itertools 0.13.0",
- "mpcs 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
- "multilinear_extensions 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "mpcs",
+ "multilinear_extensions",
  "once_cell",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "p3",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "rayon",
  "serde",
  "strum",
  "strum_macros",
- "sumcheck 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "sumcheck",
  "thiserror 2.0.12",
  "thread_local",
  "tikv-jemalloc-ctl",
@@ -2433,8 +2407,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "tracing",
  "tracing-forest",
  "tracing-subscriber",
- "transcript 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
- "witness 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "transcript",
+ "witness",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3245,30 +3219,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "adler2",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "mpcs"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15#9be620b18900138d0b89569759fc2b3b9451b49e"
-dependencies = [
- "bincode 1.3.3",
- "clap",
- "ff_ext 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "itertools 0.13.0",
- "multilinear_extensions 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "num-integer",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "rand 0.8.5",
- "rand_chacha 0.3.1",
- "rayon",
- "serde",
- "sumcheck 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "tracing",
- "tracing-subscriber",
- "transcript 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "whir 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "witness 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "mpcs"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -3276,36 +3226,21 @@ source = "git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18
 dependencies = [
  "bincode 1.3.3",
  "clap",
- "ff_ext 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "ff_ext",
  "itertools 0.13.0",
- "multilinear_extensions 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "multilinear_extensions",
  "num-integer",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "p3",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "rand_chacha 0.3.1",
  "rayon",
  "serde",
- "sumcheck 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "sumcheck",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-subscriber",
- "transcript 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
- "whir 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
- "witness 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "multilinear_extensions"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15#9be620b18900138d0b89569759fc2b3b9451b49e"
-dependencies = [
- "either",
- "ff_ext 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "itertools 0.13.0",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "rand 0.8.5",
- "rayon",
- "serde",
- "tracing",
+ "transcript",
+ "whir",
+ "witness",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3314,9 +3249,9 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 source = "git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18#f53336217179d70df37852fc850b786d4bc82f15"
 dependencies = [
  "either",
- "ff_ext 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "ff_ext",
  "itertools 0.13.0",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "p3",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "rayon",
  "serde",
@@ -4603,31 +4538,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "sha2",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "p3"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15#9be620b18900138d0b89569759fc2b3b9451b49e"
-dependencies = [
- "p3-air",
- "p3-baby-bear",
- "p3-challenger",
- "p3-commit",
- "p3-dft",
- "p3-field",
- "p3-fri",
- "p3-goldilocks",
- "p3-matrix",
- "p3-maybe-rayon",
- "p3-mds",
- "p3-merkle-tree",
- "p3-monty-31",
- "p3-poseidon",
- "p3-poseidon2",
- "p3-poseidon2-air",
- "p3-symmetric",
- "p3-util",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "p3"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -5196,23 +5106,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "portable-atomic",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "poseidon"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15#9be620b18900138d0b89569759fc2b3b9451b49e"
-dependencies = [
- "ff_ext 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "serde",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "poseidon"
 version = "0.1.0"
 source = "git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18#f53336217179d70df37852fc850b786d4bc82f15"
 dependencies = [
- "ff_ext 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "ff_ext",
+ "p3",
  "serde",
 ]
 
@@ -6236,11 +6136,11 @@ dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "dashu",
  "elliptic-curve",
- "ff_ext 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "ff_ext",
  "generic-array 1.2.0",
  "itertools 0.13.0",
  "k256 0.13.4 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "multilinear_extensions 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "multilinear_extensions",
  "num",
  "p256",
  "p3-field",
@@ -6353,53 +6253,22 @@ version = "2.6.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "13c2bddecc57b384dee18652358fb23172facb8a2c51ccc10d74c157bdea3292"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "sumcheck"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15#9be620b18900138d0b89569759fc2b3b9451b49e"
-dependencies = [
- "either",
- "ff_ext 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "itertools 0.13.0",
- "multilinear_extensions 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "rayon",
- "serde",
- "sumcheck_macro 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "thiserror 1.0.69",
- "tracing",
- "transcript 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "sumcheck"
 version = "0.1.0"
 source = "git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18#f53336217179d70df37852fc850b786d4bc82f15"
 dependencies = [
  "either",
- "ff_ext 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "ff_ext",
  "itertools 0.13.0",
- "multilinear_extensions 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "multilinear_extensions",
+ "p3",
  "rayon",
  "serde",
- "sumcheck_macro 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "sumcheck_macro",
  "thiserror 1.0.69",
  "tracing",
- "transcript 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "sumcheck_macro"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15#9be620b18900138d0b89569759fc2b3b9451b49e"
-dependencies = [
- "itertools 0.13.0",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "rand 0.8.5",
- "syn 2.0.101",
+ "transcript",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6408,7 +6277,7 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 source = "git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18#f53336217179d70df37852fc850b786d4bc82f15"
 dependencies = [
  "itertools 0.13.0",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "p3",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "rand 0.8.5",
@@ -6824,26 +6693,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "tracing-log",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "transcript"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15#9be620b18900138d0b89569759fc2b3b9451b49e"
-dependencies = [
- "ff_ext 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "itertools 0.13.0",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "poseidon 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "transcript"
 version = "0.1.0"
 source = "git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18#f53336217179d70df37852fc850b786d4bc82f15"
 dependencies = [
- "ff_ext 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "ff_ext",
  "itertools 0.13.0",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
- "poseidon 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "p3",
+ "poseidon",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -7129,29 +6987,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "whir"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15#9be620b18900138d0b89569759fc2b3b9451b49e"
-dependencies = [
- "bincode 1.3.3",
- "clap",
- "derive_more 1.0.0",
- "ff_ext 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "itertools 0.14.0",
- "multilinear_extensions 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "rand 0.8.5",
- "rand_chacha 0.3.1",
- "rayon",
- "serde",
- "sumcheck 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "tracing",
- "transcript 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "transpose",
- "witness 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "whir"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -7160,19 +6995,19 @@ dependencies = [
  "bincode 1.3.3",
  "clap",
  "derive_more 1.0.0",
- "ff_ext 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "ff_ext",
  "itertools 0.14.0",
- "multilinear_extensions 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "multilinear_extensions",
+ "p3",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "rand_chacha 0.3.1",
  "rayon",
  "serde",
- "sumcheck 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "sumcheck",
  "tracing",
- "transcript 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "transcript",
  "transpose",
- "witness 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "witness",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -7439,27 +7274,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "bitflags",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "witness"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15#9be620b18900138d0b89569759fc2b3b9451b49e"
-dependencies = [
- "ff_ext 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "multilinear_extensions 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.15)",
- "rand 0.8.5",
- "rayon",
- "tracing",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "witness"
 version = "0.1.0"
 source = "git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18#f53336217179d70df37852fc850b786d4bc82f15"
 dependencies = [
- "ff_ext 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
- "multilinear_extensions 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
- "p3 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git?tag=v1.0.0-alpha.18)",
+ "ff_ext",
+ "multilinear_extensions",
+ "p3",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "rayon",
  "tracing",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 602780a75..f82b880cc 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ transcript = { git = "https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git", package =
 whir = { git = "https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git", package = "whir", tag = "v1.0.0-alpha.18" }
 witness = { git = "https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend.git", package = "witness", tag = "v1.0.0-alpha.18" }
 
+
 anyhow = { version = "1.0", default-features = false }
 bincode = "1"
 cfg-if = "1.0"
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ lto = "thin"
 #ceno_syscall = { path = "../ceno-patch/syscall", package = "ceno_syscall" }
 
 # [patch."https://github.com/scroll-tech/ceno-gpu-mock.git"]
-# ceno_gpu = { path = "../ceno-gpu/cuda_hal", package = "cuda_hal", default-features = false, features=["bb31"] }
+# ceno_gpu = { path = "../ceno-gpu/cuda_hal", package = "cuda_hal", default-features = false, features = ["bb31"] }
 
 #[patch."https://github.com/scroll-tech/gkr-backend"]
 #ff_ext = { path = "../gkr-backend/crates/ff_ext", package = "ff_ext" }
diff --git a/ceno_zkvm/src/e2e.rs b/ceno_zkvm/src/e2e.rs
index 047e238a8..1570eece5 100644
--- a/ceno_zkvm/src/e2e.rs
+++ b/ceno_zkvm/src/e2e.rs
@@ -1654,7 +1654,7 @@ fn create_proofs_streaming<
                 {
                     let mut proofs = Vec::new();
                     let mut proof_err = None;
-                    let mut rx = rx;
+                    let rx = rx;
                     while let Ok((zkvm_witness, shard_ctx, pi)) = rx.recv() {
                         if is_mock_proving {
                             MockProver::assert_satisfied_full(
diff --git a/gkr_iop/src/gkr/layer.rs b/gkr_iop/src/gkr/layer.rs
index 64eb747be..9f23a40ba 100644
--- a/gkr_iop/src/gkr/layer.rs
+++ b/gkr_iop/src/gkr/layer.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use multilinear_extensions::{
     Expression, Instance, StructuralWitIn, ToExpr,
     mle::{Point, PointAndEval},
     monomial::Term,
+    utils::Node,
 };
 use p3::field::FieldAlgebra;
 use rayon::iter::{IntoParallelIterator, IntoParallelRefIterator};
@@ -48,6 +49,8 @@ pub enum LayerType {
     Linear,
 }
 
+pub type DagInfo<E> = (Vec<Node>, Vec<Expression<E>>, u32, usize, usize);
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(bound(
     serialize = "E::BaseField: Serialize",
@@ -103,6 +106,10 @@ pub struct Layer<E: ExtensionField> {
     pub main_sumcheck_expression_monomial_terms: Option<Vec<Term<Expression<E>, Expression<E>>>>,
     pub main_sumcheck_expression: Option<Expression<E>>,
 
+    // flatten computation dag
+    // (dag, coeffs, final_out_index, max_dag_depth, max_degree)
+    pub main_sumcheck_expression_dag: Option<DagInfo<E>>,
+
     // rotation sumcheck expression, only optionally valid for zerocheck
     // store in 2 forms: expression & monomial
     pub rotation_sumcheck_expression_monomial_terms:
@@ -175,6 +182,7 @@ impl<E: ExtensionField> Layer<E> {
                     expr_names,
                     main_sumcheck_expression_monomial_terms: None,
                     main_sumcheck_expression: None,
+                    main_sumcheck_expression_dag: None,
                     rotation_sumcheck_expression_monomial_terms: None,
                     rotation_sumcheck_expression: None,
                 };
diff --git a/gkr_iop/src/gkr/layer/gpu/mod.rs b/gkr_iop/src/gkr/layer/gpu/mod.rs
index e91c09691..02fb0d0a8 100644
--- a/gkr_iop/src/gkr/layer/gpu/mod.rs
+++ b/gkr_iop/src/gkr/layer/gpu/mod.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use multilinear_extensions::{
     Expression,
     mle::{MultilinearExtension, Point},
     monomial::Term,
+    utils::eval_by_expr_constant,
 };
 use rayon::{
     iter::{IndexedParallelIterator, IntoParallelRefIterator, ParallelIterator},
@@ -235,8 +236,25 @@ impl<E: ExtensionField, PCS: PolynomialCommitmentScheme<E>> ZerocheckLayerProver
         );
         exit_span!(span_eq);
 
+        // process dag
+        // (dag, coeffs, final_out_index, max_dag_depth, max_degree)
+        let (dag, dag_coeffs, final_out_index, max_dag_depth, max_degree) =
+            layer.main_sumcheck_expression_dag.as_ref().unwrap();
+
+        let pub_io_eval_scalar = pub_io_evals.iter().map(|v| Either::Right(*v)).collect_vec();
+        // format: pub_io ++ challenge ++ constant
+        let dag_coeffs = dag_coeffs
+            .iter()
+            .map(|c| eval_by_expr_constant(&pub_io_eval_scalar, &main_sumcheck_challenges, c))
+            .map(|either_v| match either_v {
+                Either::Left(base_field_val) => E::from(base_field_val),
+                Either::Right(ext_field_val) => ext_field_val,
+            })
+            .collect_vec();
+
+        // process monomial terms
         // Calculate max_num_var and max_degree from the extracted relationships
-        let (term_coefficients, mle_indices_per_term, mle_size_info) =
+        let (monomial_coefficients, mle_indices_per_term, mle_size_info) =
             extract_mle_relationships_from_monomial_terms(
                 &layer
                     .main_sumcheck_expression_monomial_terms
@@ -246,18 +264,18 @@ impl<E: ExtensionField, PCS: PolynomialCommitmentScheme<E>> ZerocheckLayerProver
                 &pub_io_evals.iter().map(|v| Either::Right(*v)).collect_vec(),
                 &main_sumcheck_challenges,
             );
+
         let max_num_var = max_num_variables;
-        let max_degree = mle_indices_per_term
-            .iter()
-            .map(|indices| indices.len())
-            .max()
-            .unwrap_or(0);
+
+        // Convert types for GPU function Call
+        let monomial_coefficients: Vec<BB31Ext> =
+            unsafe { std::mem::transmute(monomial_coefficients) };
 
         // Convert types for GPU function Call
         let basic_tr: &mut BasicTranscript<BB31Ext> =
             unsafe { &mut *(transcript as *mut _ as *mut BasicTranscript<BB31Ext>) };
-        let term_coefficients_gl64: Vec<BB31Ext> =
-            unsafe { std::mem::transmute(term_coefficients) };
+        let dag_coeffs: Vec<BB31Ext> = unsafe { std::mem::transmute(dag_coeffs) };
+
         let all_witins_gpu_gl64: Vec<&MultilinearExtensionGpu<BB31Ext>> =
             unsafe { std::mem::transmute(all_witins_gpu) };
         let all_witins_gpu_type_gl64 = all_witins_gpu_gl64.iter().map(|mle| &mle.mle).collect_vec();
@@ -267,13 +285,18 @@ impl<E: ExtensionField, PCS: PolynomialCommitmentScheme<E>> ZerocheckLayerProver
                 &cuda_hal,
                 all_witins_gpu_type_gl64,
                 &mle_size_info,
-                &term_coefficients_gl64,
+                &monomial_coefficients,
                 &mle_indices_per_term,
                 max_num_var,
-                max_degree,
+                *max_degree,
+                dag,
+                *max_dag_depth,
+                &dag_coeffs,
+                *final_out_index,
                 basic_tr,
             )
             .unwrap();
+
         let evals_gpu = evals_gpu.into_iter().flatten().collect_vec();
         let row_challenges = challenges_gpu.iter().map(|c| c.elements).collect_vec();
 
@@ -392,6 +415,10 @@ pub(crate) fn prove_rotation_gpu<E: ExtensionField, PCS: PolynomialCommitmentSch
             &mle_indices_per_term,
             max_num_var,
             max_degree,
+            &[],
+            0,
+            &[],
+            0,
             basic_tr,
         )
         .unwrap();
diff --git a/gkr_iop/src/gkr/layer/zerocheck_layer.rs b/gkr_iop/src/gkr/layer/zerocheck_layer.rs
index 18bf4485a..9703e9c8e 100644
--- a/gkr_iop/src/gkr/layer/zerocheck_layer.rs
+++ b/gkr_iop/src/gkr/layer/zerocheck_layer.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@ use multilinear_extensions::{
     macros::{entered_span, exit_span},
     mle::{IntoMLE, Point},
     monomialize_expr_to_wit_terms,
-    utils::{eval_by_expr, eval_by_expr_with_instance, expr_convert_to_witins},
+    utils::{
+        build_factored_dag_commutative, dag_stats, eval_by_expr, eval_by_expr_with_instance,
+        expr_convert_to_witins,
+    },
     virtual_poly::VPAuxInfo,
 };
 use p3::field::{FieldAlgebra, dot_product};
@@ -165,18 +168,44 @@ impl<E: ExtensionField> ZerocheckLayer<E> for Layer<E> {
             self.n_fixed as WitnessId,
             self.n_instance,
         );
-        tracing::debug!("main sumcheck degree: {}", zero_expr.degree());
+        let zero_expr_degree = zero_expr.degree();
         self.main_sumcheck_expression = Some(zero_expr);
         self.main_sumcheck_expression_monomial_terms = self
             .main_sumcheck_expression
             .as_ref()
             .map(|expr| expr.get_monomial_terms());
-        tracing::debug!(
-            "main sumcheck monomial terms count: {}",
+
+        {
+            if let Some(terms) = self.main_sumcheck_expression_monomial_terms.as_ref() {
+                let num_mul: usize = terms.iter().map(|term| term.product.len()).sum();
+                let num_add = terms.iter().len() - 1;
+
+                tracing::debug!(
+                    "layer name {} monomial num_add: {num_add} num_mul: {num_mul}",
+                    self.name,
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.main_sumcheck_expression_dag = {
             self.main_sumcheck_expression_monomial_terms
                 .as_ref()
-                .map_or(0, |terms| terms.len()),
-        );
+                .map(|terms| {
+                    // selector are structural witin, which is used to be the largest id.
+                    let (dag, coeffs, Some(final_out_index), max_dag_depth) = build_factored_dag_commutative(terms, false) else { panic!() };
+                    let max_degree = zero_expr_degree;
+
+                    let (num_add, num_mul) = dag_stats(&dag);
+                    tracing::debug!(
+                        "layer name {} dag got num_add {num_add} num_mul {num_mul} max_degree {max_degree} \
+                        max_dag_depth {max_dag_depth} num_scalar {} final_out_index {final_out_index}",
+                        self.name,
+                        coeffs.len(),
+                    );
+                    (dag, coeffs, final_out_index, max_dag_depth as usize, zero_expr_degree)
+                })
+        };
+
         exit_span!(span);
     }