Milestone 1: Model selection and justification document

0_domain_study/model_selection_justification.md

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+# Comparing Open-Source and Commercial LLMs on Reasoning and Summarization Tasks
+
+## Summary
+
+**Model Pairing:** GPT-4 vs. Mistral-3B (4 variants)  
+**Tasks:** Reasoning + Summarization  
+**Evaluation:** Accuracy, stepwise logic, summarization quality  
+**Sample Size:** Start small, scale to 50+ for significance  
+
+---
+
+## Goal
+
+To compare the accuracy and environmental impact of:  
+
+- One commercial LLM (closed-source)  
+- One open-source LLM in four configurations:  
+  - Original  
+  - Distilled  
+  - RAG-enhanced (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)  
+  - Distilled + RAG  
+
+---
+
+## Recommended Commercial Model
+
+**Model:** GPT-4 (OpenAI)  
+
+**Why:**  
+
+- Industry benchmark for reasoning and summarization  
+- Strong performance across tasks  
+- Compatible with G-Eval evaluation  
+- API access available (paid)  
+
+**Alternative:** Claude 3 Opus (Anthropic): strong in reasoning,  
+slightly weaker in summarization.  
+
+---
+
+## Recommended Open-Source Model
+
+**Model:** Mistral-3B  
+
+**Why:**  
+
+- Lightweight and energy-efficient — smaller carbon footprint than 7B  
+- Good performance for its size and architecture  
+- Easy to distill and integrate with RAG  
+- Active open-source community on Hugging Face  
+
+**Alternative:** Mistral-7B (legacy, more accurate but heavier) or  
+LLaMA-3-8B (requires stronger GPUs).  
+
+---
+
+## Evaluation Strategy
+
+### 1. Reasoning Tasks
+
+- ARC (AI2 Reasoning Challenge / grade-school science questions)  
+- GSM8K (Math reasoning)  
+- ProofWriter (Step-by-step inference)  
+- LogiQA (Logical multiple choice)  
+
+### 2. Summarization Tasks
+
+- News articles  
+- Academic abstracts  
+- Narrative texts  
+
+---
+
+## Sample Size Recommendations
+
+| Sampling Level | Purpose / Use Case | Reasoning | Summarization |
+|----------------|--------------------|------------|----------------|
+| Preliminary | Quick validation and failure detection | 50–100 | 50–100 |
+| Reliable | Statistically meaningful trends | 200–500+ | 200–500+ |
+| Academic | Comprehensive benchmark-level | 1,000–10,000+ | 1,000–10,000+ |
+
+**Rationale:**  
+
+- Preliminary: Initial signal of model behavior.  
+- Reliable: Minimum for academic validity (500+ examples).  
+- Academic: Derived from MMLU and MATH benchmarks (1,000+ examples).  
+
+---
+
+## Academic Justification of Sample Size
+
+| Ref | Benchmark / Source | Justification |
+|-----|--------------------|----------------|
+| G1 | MMLU Benchmark | 57 subjects, thousands of Qs → 1,000+ needed |
+| G2 | MATH Benchmark | 12,500 math problems → 1,000+ subset valid |
+| G3 | ANLI / LLM Eval | 1,200 test examples → supports 200–500+ |
+| G4 | ML Sample Size | 500+ gives strong validity in ML research |
+
+---
+
+## Why This Project Is Niche and Valuable
+
+**Unique because:**  
+
+- Compares *versions* of the same open-source model.  
+- Evaluates *accuracy + environmental impact* (energy, CO₂).  
+
+**Valuable because:**  
+
+- Helps understand trade-offs between performance and footprint.  
+- Designed for student teams with limited resources.  
+- Provides replicable framework for *ethical + technical* evaluation.  
+- Supports the global shift toward *eco-conscious AI*.  
+
+**References:**  
+
+- [DeepSeek vs GPT-4 vs LLaMA vs Mistral vs Cohere](https://www.aubergine.co/insights/deepseek-v3-vs-gpt-4-vs-llama-3-vs-mistral-7b-vs-cohere)  
+- [Mistral vs GPT comparison](https://dev.to/abhinowww/mistral-vs-gpt-a-comprehensive-comparison-of-leading-ai-models-2lk2)  
+
+---
+
+## Note on Mistral Model Selection
+
+- Mistral-7B is a *legacy model* (as of March 2025) but still benchmarked.  
+- Mistral-3B offers better efficiency, lower GPU use, smaller footprint.  
+- Our main open-source model: **Mistral-3B**  
+- Mistral-7B appears as a baseline reference.  
+- Mistral-Nemo: Mentioned as a next-generation model for discussion.