Add Z-Algorithm for Linear-Time String Pattern Matching

[Utkarsh-patel26]

• [ x ] I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• [ x ] This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• [ x ] All filenames are in PascalCase.
• [ x ] All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• [ x ] All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• [ x ] All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 90.90909% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 78.88%. Comparing base (746457c) to head (1863193).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...ain/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/ZAlgorithm.java	90.90%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #7124      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     78.87%   78.88%   +0.01%     
- Complexity     6828     6837       +9     
============================================
  Files           766      767       +1     
  Lines         22607    22629      +22     
  Branches       4444     4450       +6     
============================================
+ Hits          17831    17851      +20     
- Misses         4064     4066       +2     
  Partials        712      712              

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[Utkarsh-patel26]

Adds the Z-Algorithm implementation and unit tests.
Includes zFunction, pattern search method, and Checkstyle-clean formatting.
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z-algorithm

[DenizAltunkapan]

Thank you for your contribution @Utkarsh-patel26