Programming Fundamentals | Python

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Practice Set 01: Python Basics (Variables, Input, Output, and Simple Operations)

1. Swap Numbers Without Extra Variable
   Create two variables: a = 10 and b = 20. Swap their values without using a third variable. Then print both variables to show the swap worked.

   Example output:

   a = 20
   b = 10

2. Swap City Names
   Create two variables: city1 = "Lahore" and city2 = "Karachi". Swap their values. Then print both variables.

   Example output:

   city1 = Karachi
   city2 = Lahore

3. Add Two Numbers from User
   Ask the user to enter two numbers (one number per input). Add them and print the sum.

   Example:
   If user enters 5 and 8, output should be: 13

4. Say Hello to User
   Ask the user to enter their name. Print a greeting in this exact format: Hello Ali!

5. Area of Rectangle
   Ask the user for length and width (two numbers). Calculate area (length × width) and print: Area = followed by the answer.

   Example: Input 4 and 5 → Area = 20

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02 – Practice Questions Set

Q1. Write a program where first_name = "Ali" and last_name = "Khan", and print the full name using string concatenation.

Q2. Write a program that takes the user’s first name and last name from user and prints them together as a full name.

Q3. Write a program where language = "Python" and print the sentence: I am learning Python

Q4. Write a program that takes the user’s name and age from user and prints: My name is <name> and I am <age> years old

Q5. Write a program that takes the user’s name and uses f-string to print: Hello <name>, welcome to Python

Q6. Write a program where you concatenate three strings to form one meaningful sentence and print it.

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03 – Practice Questions Set (if / elif / else)

Q1. Write a program that takes a number from the user and prints whether the number is even or odd.

Q2. Write a program that takes two numbers from the user and prints which number is greater.

Q3. Write a program that takes the user’s age and prints:

• Child if age is less than 13
• Teenager if age is between 13 and 19
• Adult otherwise

Q4. Write a program that takes a student’s marks and prints:

• Pass if marks are 40 or above
• Fail otherwise

Q5. Write a program that takes a number from the user and prints whether the number is zero, positive, or negative.

Q6. Write a program that takes a number from the user and checks whether it is divisible by 3 or not.

Q7. Write a program that takes the user’s percentage and prints:

• A Grade if percentage is 80 or above
• B Grade if percentage is between 60 and 79
• C Grade if percentage is between 40 and 59
• Fail otherwise

Q8. Write a program that asks the user for the day of the week and prints:

• Monday → Start of the week!
• Friday → Weekend is near!
• Saturday / Sunday → Enjoy your weekend!
• Any other day → Keep going!

Q9. Create a calculator.

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04 – Practice Questions Set (Loops: while & for)

Q1. Write a program using a while loop to print numbers from 1 to 10.

Q2. Write a program using a for loop to print numbers from 1 to 10.

Q3. Write a program using a loop to print even numbers from 1 to 20.

Q4. Write a program using a loop to print the table of 5 e.g. 5 x 1 = 5.

Q5. Write a program using a loop to print the sum of numbers from 1 to 10.

Q6. Write a program that takes a number from the user and prints numbers from 1 to that number.

Q7. Write a program that prints numbers from 10 to 1 using a loop.

Q9. Write a program to print given blow outputs using a loop:

1)                2)                3)              4)                  05)
*                 * * * * *             *           1                   * * * * *
* *               * * * *              * *          1 2                 *       *
* * *             * * *               * * *         1 2 3               *       *
* * * *           * *                * * * *        1 2 3 4             *       *
* * * * *         *                 * * * * *       1 2 3 4 5           * * * * *

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05 – Practice Questions Set (List & Tuple)

Q1. Create a list of your favorite fruits and print each fruit using a loop.

Q2. Create a list of your weekly tasks and add a new task for tomorrow to take input from user and print the updated list.

Q3. Create a list of five city names and print the first and last city from the list.

Q4. Create a tuple of days in a week and print all the days.

Q5. Convert the tuple of days in a week into a list and add "Holiday" at the end. Print the final list.

Q6. Create a list of shopping items: ['milk', 'bread', 'eggs']. Ask the user one item and check output if it is in the list or not.

Q7. Create a list of your 5 favorite movies. Replace the second movie with a new one and print the updated list.

Q8. Write a program to combine two lists: fruits = ['apple', 'banana'] and vegetables = ['carrot', 'spinach'] and print the combined list.

Q9. Write a program to count how many times an item appears in a list. Example: colors = ['red','blue','red','green','red']

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06 – Practice Questions Set (Set & Dictionary)

Q1. Create a set of your favorite fruits and print it. Add "mango" to the set and print again.

Q2. Create a set of numbers from 1 to 5 and another set of numbers from 4 to 8. Print the common numbers using set operations.

Q3. Create a dictionary for a student with keys: name, age, grade. Print the dictionary.

Q4. Update the student dictionary to add a new key city and print the updated dictionary.

Q5. Write a program where the user can input a fruit name. If the fruit exists in your dictionary of fruits and their prices, print its price; otherwise print "Not available".

Q6. Create a set of your favorite movies. Remove one movie using discard() and print the set.

Q7. Create two dictionaries: dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2} and dict2 = {'b': 3, 'c': 4}. Merge them and print the result.

Q8. Write a program to find unique words in a sentence entered by the user using a set.

Q9. Create a dictionary with subject names as keys and marks as values. Print all subjects where marks are above 50.

Q10. Write a program to count how many times each word appears in a sentence using a dictionary.

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07 – Practice Questions Set (Functions)

Q1. Write a function named greet() that prints:
Welcome to Python Programming

Q2. Write a function named show_name(name) that takes a name as a parameter and prints:
Hello <name>

Q3. Write a function named add_numbers(a, b) that takes two numbers and prints their sum.

Q4. Write a function named student_info(name, age) that prints the student’s name and age in one sentence.

Q5. Write a function named calculate_bill(price, quantity) that takes price and quantity and prints the total bill.

Q6. Write a function named is_even(number) that returns whether the number is even or odd.

Q7. Write a function named get_full_name(first_name, last_name) that returns the full name using string concatenation.

Q8. Write a function named find_max(a, b) that returns the greater number.

Q9. Write a function named count_items(items) that takes a list and returns the total number of items.

Q10. Write a function named show_menu() that prints a simple food menu and calls the function when the program runs.

Q11. Write a function named calculate_discount(price) that:

• Takes the product price as a parameter
• Applies a 10% discount
• Prints the final price after discount

Q12. Write a function named login_message(username) that:

• Takes a username as a parameter
• Prints a welcome message for that user

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PF (Programming Fundamentals) Mega Practice Tasks

Phase 1: Basics & Input/Output

Q1. Create variables to store shop name and shop city and print them in one line.

Q2. Take user input for customer name and print a welcome message.

Q3. Create variables for item name and item price, then print them.

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Phase 2: Strings & Concatenation

Q4. Concatenate customer name and item name to print:
<customer> is buying <item>

Q5. Take input for quantity and print a sentence using concatenation showing quantity and item name.

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Phase 3: Conditions (if / elif / else)

Q6. If quantity is greater than 5, print Bulk order, otherwise print Regular order.

Q7. If item price is greater than 1000, print Expensive item, else print Affordable item.

Q8. Take input for payment method (cash, card, online) and print a confirmation message based on input.

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Phase 4: Loops

Q9. Use a loop to print item name quantity number of times.

Q10. Use a loop to print numbers from 1 to quantity.

Q11. Use a loop to calculate total price by adding item price quantity times.

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Phase 5: List

Q12. Create a list named cart and add three item names to it.

Q13. Print all items in the cart using a loop.

Q14. Ask the user to enter an item name and check if it exists in the cart.

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Phase 6: Tuple

Q15. Create a tuple of available payment methods and print them.

Q16. Check whether the user’s selected payment method exists in the tuple.

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Phase 7: Set

Q17. Create a set from the cart list to remove duplicate items and print unique items.

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Phase 8: Dictionary

Q18. Create a dictionary where:

• keys = item names
• values = item prices
  Print the dictionary.

Q19. Use a loop to calculate the total bill from the dictionary.

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Phase 9: Functions (Final Integration)

Q20. Create a function named generate_bill() that:

• Takes customer name, cart dictionary, and payment method
• Prints customer name
• Prints all items with prices
• Prints total bill
• Prints payment confirmation message

PF Projects

1. Simple Calculator

Concepts: Variables, input/output, operators Description: Create a console-based calculator that performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division based on user choice. Skills Practiced:

• input() / print()
• Arithmetic operators
• Basic control flow

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2. Number Guessing Game

Concepts: Conditional statements, loops Description: The program generates a random number, and the user guesses until correct. Provide hints (higher/lower). Skills Practiced:

• if / elif / else
• while loop
• random module

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3. Student Grade System

Concepts: Conditions, logical operators Description: Take marks as input and calculate grade (A, B, C, Fail) based on predefined rules. Skills Practiced:

• Conditional logic
• Comparison operators
• Input validation

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. Multiplication Table Generator

Concepts: Loops Description: Generate a multiplication table for a given number up to a specified range. Skills Practiced:

• for loop
• Formatting output
• Iteration logic

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5. To-Do List (Console Based)

Concepts: Lists, loops Description: Allow users to add, view, and remove tasks from a to-do list using a menu-driven program. Skills Practiced:

• Lists
• Menu-based programs
• Loop control

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6. Password Validator

Concepts: Strings, conditions Description: Check whether a password meets criteria (length, digits, uppercase, special character). Skills Practiced:

• String methods
• Logical conditions
• Validation rules

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7. ATM Simulation System

Concepts: Functions, conditionals Description: Simulate ATM operations: check balance, deposit, withdraw, and exit. Skills Practiced:

• Functions
• State management
• Conditional branching

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8. Contact Management System

Concepts: Dictionary, functions Description: Store contacts with name and phone number. Support add, search, update, and delete operations. Skills Practiced:

• Dictionaries
• CRUD operations
• Function modularity

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9. Quiz Application

Concepts: Lists, dictionaries, loops Description: Create a quiz with multiple questions, track score, and show final results. Skills Practiced:

• Nested data structures
• Looping over data
• Scoring logic

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10. Mini Banking System

Concepts: Functions, data structures, logic flow Description: Develop a small banking system with user accounts, login, balance tracking, and transaction history. Skills Practiced:

• Functions + dictionaries
• Program flow control
• Real-world problem modeling

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