sea: print error information when fs operations fail

[joyeecheung]

Refs: #61579

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/single-executable

[richardlau]

Is this testable (e.g. passing a non-existent binary in the config?)?

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 50.00000% with 4 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 89.77%. Comparing base (68d7b6f) to head (e145ec8).
⚠️ Report is 6 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/node_sea_bin.cc	50.00%	4 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #61581      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   89.77%   89.77%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         673      673              
  Lines      203820   203844      +24     
  Branches    39175    39178       +3     
==========================================
+ Hits       182987   183002      +15     
- Misses      13152    13177      +25     
+ Partials     7681     7665      -16     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/node_sea_bin.cc	41.72% <50.00%> (+0.12%)	⬆️

... and 32 files with indirect coverage changes

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